1. Personality
- Created by: Amy Parkinson
- Created on: 17-04-15 12:24
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- Personality
- HOLLANDER- 'personality is the sum of an individual's characteristics which make a human unique'
- Trait perspective
- Personality is innate and genetically determined
- Traits are thought to be stable, enduring and consistent in all situations
- EVAL
- Behaviour is not always predictable
- There are situations where individual's adapt their response to the environment
- Ignores influence from the environment and other people
- Personality Types: EYSENCK & CATTELL
- EYSENCK
- There are 4 personality types: neurotic, stable, introvert, extrovert
- Individual's may be extrovert and stable, extrovert and neurotic, introvert and stable or introvert and neurotic
- Eysenck later added a third scale to his model termed psychoticism
- Psychoticism is a measure of how tender or tough-minded people are
- CATTELL
- He questioned whether personality could be understood by examining just 3 dimensions
- He examined 16 personality factors in his 16PF test
- EYSENCK
- Narrow band theory
- GIRDANO
- There are 2 distinct personality types; A and B
- Type A= highly competitive, works fast, strong desire to succeed, likes control, prone to stress Type B= opposite
- GIRDANO
- Social learning perspective
- Personality is shaped by the environment and our interaction with others
- Personality is not genetically programmed
- BANDURA
- Learning is stimulated by environmental experiences
- Learning takes place through a process of observing and replicating
- Social learning is often termed vicarious learning
- Conditions that support social learning
- Powerful role model
- Observer and role model are same gender
- The learner wants to improve
- The role model is of high status and deemed a significant other
- EVAL
- Does not account for genetically-determined characteristics
- Interactionist approach
- HOLLANDER
- Personality has 3 levels that interact to from personality
- 1. Psychological core: most internal, 'true self', inaccessible, most difficult to research, stable, constant over time
- 2. Typical responses: changeable, learned behaviours, become modified by environmental influences, reflect make-up of psychological core
- 3. Role-related behaviour: most external, dynamic, changeable, direct consequence of the immediate environment
- Personality has 3 levels that interact to from personality
- This view combines that trait and social learning perspectives
- Personality is modified and behaviour is formed when genetically-inherited traits are triggered by an environmental circumstance
- Behaviour is unpredictable
- Supports the theory about typical responses emerging in certain situations
- BOWERS
- The ineteractionist approach explains twice as much as trait and social learning perspectives
- HOLLANDER
- The effects of personality profiling on the adoption of a balanced, active and healthy lifestyle
- EYSENCK ET AL
- Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire,showed sports people scored highly on the scales of psychoticism and extroversion
- SCHURR
- Using Cattell's 16PF test, found athletes to be more independent and less anxious
- MCKELVIE
- Found no difference in extroversion between athletes and non-athletes however, athletes emerged to be more stable
- WEINBERG & GOULD
- No specific personality profile has been found that consistently distinguishes athletes from non-athletes
- EVAL
- Link between personality types and sport performance cannot be proven
- There is no evidence that an ideal sports personality exists
- Profiling results are often subjective
- Profiling results are often inaccurate and invalid
- The performer may unconsciously modify their behaviour to match the profile ascribed to them
- Many profiles use self-report questionnaires which are not always reliable
- There is a danger that profiling will stereotype a person
- EYSENCK ET AL
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