Performance enhancing drugs
Performance enhancing drugs
Effects of certain drugs
Side effects of certain drugs
Ethics of using drugs
- Created by: unicorn_rainbow
- Created on: 21-01-16 14:05
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- Performance enhancing drugs
- Banned substances
- Anabolic steroids: Used for building muscle mass and performance
- Beta-2 agonists: Dilate the airways, allowing more air into the lungs
- Hormone agonists: Chemicals which mask the action of another hormone
- Diuretics: Stimulates excess urination
- Blood doping: Blood transfusions, donated blood or artificial oxygen-carrying compounds which increases the amount of oxygen in your blood
- Gene doping: Changing the genetic makeup of cells to enhance performance
- Stimulants: Increases heart rate and alertness
- Narcotics: Powerful painkillers, causes drowsiness
- Beta blockers: Reduces the heart rate and any responses to adrenaline
- Anabolic steroids
- They stimulate protein synthesis and build bigger and stronger muscles as a result
- 1. Natural testosterone can pass through the cell surface membrane
- 2. They bind to receptor molecules and modify the gene expression in the nucleus
- 3. The hormone receptor complex acts as a transcription factor, binding to the DNA and switching on certain genes
- 4. This changes the RNA produced, which effects the type and numbers of protein and enzymes produced
- Erythropoietin (EPO)
- A type of peptide hormone. it is made in the kidneys and is useful for treating anaemia
- 1. They bind to the receptor on the cell surface membranne
- 2. The complex activates a second messenger in the cytoplasm and triggers a protein kinase cascade
- 3. This messenger acts as a transcription factor, switching on genes linked to protein synthesis of the enzymes needed for the production of more red blood cells
- Side effects
- Excess of blood cells can cause strokes and heart attacks
- If EPO levels are too high, the body will produce too many red blood cells which can increase the risk of thrombosis
- An overdose of the drug can lead to death
- Ethics
- Some believe that it is ethically acceptable as athletes have the right to decide whether they take drugs or not
- There are some serious health risks
- Some believe that drug use is acceptable on the grounds that there is already an inequality of competition
- It is simply unfair- people should get better at sport through hard work and training
- Beta blockers
- Reduces heart rate and effects of adrenaline
- Archery: Slow down the heart rate so hands aren't shaking as much giving them better control of the bow and arrow
- Gymnastics: it can be used to reduce muscle tremors and anxiety therefore giving them a stronger performance
- Banned substances
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