Other reforms of Alexander II (4)
- Created by: MonsurAli
- Created on: 01-06-17 15:43
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- Other reforms by Alexander II
- Military
- Conscription compulsory from 21 & reduced conscription service from 25yrs to 15yrs.
- Punishments made less severe, with also better medical care.
- Military colleges were established, improving literature rates in the military between 1870-90
- But upper classes 'bought' their way out.
- Failures to win in 1877-78 against Turkey, Japan in 1904-5, and Germany 1914-17
- Local govt
- Zemstva created which had elected officials and had responsibility of improving roads, schools and healthcare etc.
- Nobles and 'professionals' dominated, meaning peasants had little influence.
- They were mainly used as a forum to debate and criticise the current regime.
- 1870 the first Duma was set, raising hopes for a National Assembly.
- Zemstva created which had elected officials and had responsibility of improving roads, schools and healthcare etc.
- Judicial
- Single system of local, provincial and national courts
- All classes judged equally under the law and courts open to public and media
- Less corrupt system created which could undermine the govt (Zasulich case)
- However it was not applied to Poland.
- Education
- Led by Golovnin; Zemstva took responsibility of education and free primary school education for all.
- Vocation schools created at Secondary level.
- All universities were self governing in 1863 (offering more liberal courses) and all students could go to uni. Uni's tripled.
- Primary schools tripled; children in primary schools doubled. There was more equality between girls and boys.
- But education was still based around religion; there were fees for secondary level and students became more radical and violent,
- Military
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