Organic Reactions and Mechanisms Part 2Chemistry^3 Mindmap
- Created by: Strelly22
- Created on: 17-12-22 11:58
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- Organic Reactions and Mechanisms Part 2 - Classification
- Acid-base reactions
- acidic compounds have low pKa values and are good proton donors
- the more stable the conjugate base, the stronger the acid
- organic acids generally contain OH or NH, relatively strong acids also have -I and -M groups that stabilize the conjugate base
- alkynes are more acidic than alkenes or alkanes because the lone pair in the conjugate base is in an sp orbital
- relatively strong organic bases have +I and +M groups that stabilise the conjugate acid
- relatively weak neutral organic bases have -I and -M groups
- Characteristics of acid-base reactions
- acid-base reactions are equilibrium reactions and POE depends on pKa of the acid and the conjugate acid of the base
- for an acid to donate a proton to a base, the acid must have a lower pKa than the conjugate acid of the base
- acids and bases are useful catalysts
- Redox reactions
- carbon atoms at the same oxidation level are interconverted without oxidation or reduction
- carbon atoms at different oxidation level are interconverted by oxidation or reduction
- increase oxidation level = oxidation
- decrease oxidation level = reduction
- Polar reactions
- electrophilic addition = alkene
- nucleophilic addition = aldehyde, ketone
- elimination = haloalkane
- nucleophilic substitution = haloalkane
- nucleophilic acyl substitution = carboxylic acid derivatives
- electrophilic substitution = benzene [and derivatives]
- Acid-base reactions
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