Organic Identification tests
- Created by: AmyMcCormick
- Created on: 28-04-16 14:14
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- Organic Identification Tests
- Appearance and smell
- Observe colour and state. Smell cautiously
- Colourless: alcohol smell
- Alcohol/ Ethanol
- Colourless with sharp irritating smell
- Carboxylic acid/ ethanoic acid
- Fruity/sweet smell
- Ester
- Colourless: alcohol smell
- Observe colour and state. Smell cautiously
- Miscibility/ solubility in water
- Add few cm of the liquid to deionise water in test tube
- Doesn't mix with water
- Non-polar, cannot form hydrogen bonds with water
- Mixes with water
- Polar,can form hydrogen bonds woth water, possibly alcohol/carboxylic acid
- Doesn't mix with water
- Add few cm of the liquid to deionise water in test tube
- Combustion
- add drops of liquid on watch glass: ignite with splint
- Clean blue flame
- low carbon content/ possibly alcohol
- Sooty orange flame
- High carbon content/ possibly alkane/alkene
- Clean blue flame
- add drops of liquid on watch glass: ignite with splint
- Presence of alkene C=C
- Add few cm of bromine water to liquid in test tube
- Yellow/orange/brown to colourless
- Alkene present C=C
- Remains yellow/orange/brown
- Untitled
- Yellow/orange/brown to colourless
- Add few cm of bromine water to liquid in test tube
- Halogens in halogeno-alkanes
- Add 1cm of halogenoalkane to a few cm of ethanol
- Add silver nitrate solution and warm in water bath
- White precipitate
- Chloroalkane
- Cream precipitate
- Bromoalkane
- Yellow precipitate
- Untitled
- White precipitate
- Add silver nitrate solution and warm in water bath
- Add 1cm of halogenoalkane to a few cm of ethanol
- OH Alcohol group using PCl
- Add few cm of liquid and add few crystals of PCL
- Test any gas released with glass rod dipped into conc.NH3 (ammonia solution)
- Gas released, misty fumes,, solid dissapears, white smoke with conc. ammonia solution
- OH/alcohol present, HCL gas realeased, white smoke is NH4Cl
- No gas released, no white smoke with conc. ammonia solution
- No OH/ alcohol present
- Gas released, misty fumes,, solid dissapears, white smoke with conc. ammonia solution
- Test any gas released with glass rod dipped into conc.NH3 (ammonia solution)
- Add few cm of liquid and add few crystals of PCL
- Primary/ secondary alcohol
- Mix few cm of liquid with acidified potassium dichromate solution in test tube in water bath
- Orange to green
- Primary or secondary alcohol
- remains orange
- Neither primary or secondary, possibly tertiary (if used to differentiate between alcohols)
- Orange to green
- Mix few cm of liquid with acidified potassium dichromate solution in test tube in water bath
- COOH group in carboxylic acid
- add half a spatula measure of solid Na2CO3 or NaHCO3 to few cm of liquid
- Gas released, solid disappears, limewater test test for CO2
- Carboxylic acid/ COOH present, CO2 released
- No gas released
- Not a carboxylic acid/COOH
- Gas released, solid disappears, limewater test test for CO2
- add half a spatula measure of solid Na2CO3 or NaHCO3 to few cm of liquid
- Carboxylic acid (COOH group) using Mg
- Add ***** of Mg ribbon to few cm of liquid
- Gas released, Mg disappears, Mg test
- Carboxylic acid/ COOH present, H2 released
- No gas released
- not a carboxylic acid/ no COOH
- Gas released, Mg disappears, Mg test
- Add ***** of Mg ribbon to few cm of liquid
- Appearance and smell
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