Organelles
- Created by: jessicawarren
- Created on: 04-04-16 21:56
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- Organelles
- Cell surface membrane
- Found on surface of animal cells, inside cell wall of other cells
- Made of lipids/protein
- Regulates movement of substances in/out of cell
- Receptor molecules which allow response to chemicals e.g hormones
- Nucleus
- Surrounded by nuclear envelope, double membrane which contains pores
- Contains chromosomes made from protein bound linear DNA: nucleolus
- Controls cells activities by controlling transcription of DNA
- Pores allow substances to move between nucleus and cytoplasm
- Nucleolus makes ribosomes
- Mitochondria
- Double membrane, inner folded into cristae
- Matrix inside cristae contain respiratory enzymes
- Site of aerobic respiration
- ATP produced
- Found in large numbers in active cells that require lots of energy
- Chloroplast
- Flattened structure found in plants/algal cells
- Double membrane with thylakoid membrane
- Thylakoids stacked up to form grana, linked together by lamellae
- Golgi Apparatus
- Fluid filled, membrane bound flattened sacs
- Processes/packages new lipids/proteins
- Makes lysosoms
- Golgi vesicle
- Small fluid filled sac in cytoplasm
- Produced by GA
- Stores lipids/proteins made by GA, transports them out of cell
- Lysosome
- Round organelle surrounded by membrane
- Contains digestive enzymes, lysozymes
- Lysozymes digest invading cells/break down worn out components of cell
- Ribosome
- Very small organelle, floats free cytoplasm/attached to RER
- Made of proteins/RNA
- Site where proteins made
- RER
- Studded with ribosomes
- Folds/processes proteins made in ribosome
- SER
- No ribosomes
- Synthesises/processes lipids
- Cell Wall
- Rigid structure surrounding cells in plants/algae/fungi
- Plants/algae: made of cellulose, fungi: chitin
- Supports/prevents cells from changing shape
- Vacuole
- Membrane bound organelle found in cytoplasm of plant cells
- Contains cell sap
- Surrounded by tonoplast
- Maintains pressure/ keeps cell rigid
- Isolates unwanted chemicals
- Cilia
- protrusions from cell surrounded by CSM
- each contains microtubules
- Formed from centrioles
- Cilia beat/ move mucus in airways
- contain receptors, allow cell to detect signals in environment
- Centrioles
- Two bundles of microtubules, made of tublin protein subunits, arranged to form cylinder
- Before a cell divides, spindle forms centrioles
- Before cilia form centrioles multiply and line up beneath CSM
- Microtubules sprout out from each centriole forming cilia
- Cytoskeleton
- Rod like microfilaments made of actin subunits
- Straight, cylindrical microtubules
- Cytoskeletal motor proteins e.g. myosins, kinesins and dynesins have ATP binding site to hydrolyse it for energy
- Protein microfilaments provide support and mechanical strength
- Form track for motor proteins to drag organelles along
- Form spindle before cell divides
- Intermediate filaments anchor nucleus within cytoplasm
- IF extend between cells enabling cell signalling and allows cells to attach to basement membrane i.e stabilising tissues
- Cell surface membrane
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