Operant conditioning
- Created by: Corinnaxo
- Created on: 21-04-14 15:09
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- Operant conditioning
- The cat could only escape by working out how to open the hatch
- The law of exercise
- Antecedent draws out behaviour results in consequences
- Thorndike: Observed cats and concluded that we learn through the consequences of our actions
- Operant conditioning
- The cat could only escape by working out how to open the hatch
- The law of exercise
- Antecedent draws out behaviour results in consequences
- Operant conditioning
- Incentive to escape: deprived the cats of food and placed food outside the box
- The more times we carry out a task, the better we become at it
- At first, it took the cat 5 mins to escape, but by the 20th trial it only took them 5 secs
- Experience leads to improvement
- The law of effect
- Link between behaviour and its consequences
- The law of effect
- The law of effect
- Behaviour + pleasurable outcome = repetition of the behaviour
- Behaviour + negative outcome = no repetition of the behaviour
- Stimulus-response reflex action
- Skinner: created objective methods for studying behaviour e.g. skinner box to experiment with animals
- Conditioning: learning and operant: anything that reinforces our behaviour
- Reinforcers: anything that increases the frequency of a response
- e.g. getting chocolate for handing in your work so you are more likely to do it
- Primary reinforcers
- Reinforcers: anything that increases the frequency of a response
- e.g. getting chocolate for handing in your work so you are more likely to do it
- Any reinforcer that satisfies a biological need e.g. food
- Reinforcers: anything that increases the frequency of a response
- Secondary reinforcers
- These are learned and do not satisfy biological needs e.g. applause or house points
- Secondary reinforcers
- Secondary reinforcers
- Reinforcement: the way in which a reinforcer is presented
- Negative reinforcement: removing something unpleasant
- Positive reinforcement: presenting something pleasant
- Reinforcement: the way in which a reinforcer is presented
- Negative reinforcement: removing something unpleasant
- Reinforcement: the way in which a reinforcer is presented
- Punishment: presenting something unpleasant
- Skinner argued that punishment is less effective because it creates feelings of anger/fear
- Punishment: presenting something unpleasant
- Punishment: presenting something unpleasant
- Response cost: When you regularly and reliably terminate a reinforcer
- Successive approximation/shaping
- Speeds up learning
- Successive approximation/shaping
- Successive approximation/shaping
- Reinforcing behaviour that successively (following one after another) approximates (closely resembling) the desired behaviour
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