observations
- Created by: abbie_1890
- Created on: 03-06-22 15:24
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- OBSERVATIONS
- researchers watching and recording behaviour
- controlled observation
- aspects of environment maintained, usually in lab setting
- reliable due to standardised procedures
- artificial, hard to generalise to real world
- reduces effects of extraneous variables
- naturalistic
- takes place in real setting
- external validity, generalisable
- low internal validity due to extraneous variables
- show more natural behaviour, realistic
- overt
- participants know they are in a study, can see researcher
- ethical, use of informed consent
- demand characteristics, social desirability bias
- covert
- participants not aware they are being observed
- less likely to show social desirability bias/demand characteristics
- unethical, no informed consent
- participant
- researcher involved in group they are studing
- more comfort and natural behaviour
- lose objectivity, bias as they only see from participants perspective; "going native"
- non-participant
- researcher separate from group they are observing
- maintain objectivity
- lack of trust, participants may not behave naturally
- observational design
- choice of behaviours to observe and how they are measured
- operationalised behavioural categories
- behaviours clearly identifiable and measurable
- time sampling
- researcher records behaviour at specific intervals
- more flexibility for unexpected types of behaviour
- miss behaviour outside recording intervals
- event sampling
- researcher records everytime behaviour is observed from the pre-determined behavioural categories
- able to record all behaviour observed
- may miss relevant behaviour not included in pre-determined list
- assessing reliablility
- inter-observer reliability
- two or more trained observers conduct the same observation
- 1. agree and use same behavioural categories
- 2. experiment conducted separately by each observer
- 3. compare data sets
- two or more trained observers conduct the same observation
- inter-observer reliability
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