non-communicable diseases - cancer
- Created by: noodles.07
- Created on: 17-08-21 11:25
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- Cancer
- Tumours
- a group of cells with abnormal uncontrollable growth
- loss of control of the cell cycle and uncontrolled mitosis
- changes in the genes of a cell which tell the cell when to start and stop mitosis
- cancer cells also live for longer
- Benign tumours
- a group of rapidly dividing cells in one area of the body
- contained in the cell membrane
- can grow very large which could cause pressure or damage to nearby organs
- life threatening if untreated
- problematic if formed near the brain as there is no space for it to grow
- Malignant tumours
- tumours which spread around the body and invade neighbouring cells
- parts/clumps of the tumour can split and be released into the bloodstream or lymphatic system
- circulated in around the body and lodged in different organs or parts of the body
- where they continue uncontrolled cell division and form secondary tumours
- circulated in around the body and lodged in different organs or parts of the body
- hard to treat due to the way it spreads
- can damage nearby tissue
- Risk factors/ causes
- Lifestyle
- ionising radiation - uv light from sun, radiation from x-rays
- radiation penetrates cells and causes mutation in chromosomes
- obesity - too much body fat causes levels of insulin and other hormones to rise which tells cells to divide more often
- viruses like hpv
- smoking + chemicals - contains tar which is a carcinogen
- aging - prolonged exposure to carcinogens, more damaged/ mutated cells
- ionising radiation - uv light from sun, radiation from x-rays
- Genetic
- inherited gene mutations
- such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 which cause breast cancer and ovarian cancer
- inherited gene mutations
- Lifestyle
- Treatment
- radiotherapy- cancer cells are destroyed by targeted doses of radiation
- can also damage healthy cells
- chemotherapy- chemicals are used to make cancer cells stop diving or make them self destruct
- radiotherapy- cancer cells are destroyed by targeted doses of radiation
- Tumours
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