NEW SPEC: Chapter 10 - Classification & Evolution

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  • 10
    • Classification
      • Taxonomic groups
        • Kingdom
        • Phylum
        • Class
        • Order
        • Family
        • Genus
          • First word = genus
        • Species
          • Second word = species
      • Why?
        • To identify species
        • To predict characteristics
        • To find evolutionary links
    • Kingdoms
      • 5 kigdoms
        • Prokaryotae
        • Protoctista
        • Fungi
        • Plantae
        • Animalia
      • Domains
        • Eukarya
          • 80s ribosomes
          • 12 proteins
        • Archaea
          • 70s ribosomes
          • 8-10 proteins
        • Bacteria
          • 70s ribosomes
          • 5 proteins
    • Phylogeny
      • Evolutionary relationships
      • Common ancestor
      • Closer branches = closer e. relationshjip
      • Continuous tree
    • Evidence for evolution
      • Palaeontology
        • Fossils
          • Layers of rock
        • Bacteria at bottom
          • Simplest life form evolved
            • Vertebrates at top
        • Sequence matches ecological links
        • Common ancestor
        • Allow relationships between living & extinct
      • Comparative anatomy
        • Homologous structure
          • Same underlying structure
          • Vertebrate limbs
            • Same underlying structure
          • Divergent Evolution
      • Comparative biochemistry
        • Proteins & rRNA
        • Look at molecular sequence
          • Amino acid sequence
          • Order of DNA bases
            • Amino acid sequence
        • Differences v. neutral base pair substitutions
          • Find common ancestor
    • Variation
      • Interspecific
        • Differences between organisms different species
      • Intraspecific
      • Genetic
        • Alleles
        • Mutations
        • Meiosis
        • Sexual reproduction
        • Chance
      • Environmental
        • May affect plants to a greater degree
        • E.g. getting sunlight
      • Representing graphically
        • Standard deviation
        • Correlation coefficient
        • Students t-test
    • Adaptations
      • Anatomical
        • Body coverings
        • Teeth
        • Camouflage
        • mimicry
      • Behavioural
        • Survival behaviours
        • Courtship
        • Seasonal behaviours
          • Migration
          • Hibernation
        • Innate
        • Learned
      • Physiological
        • Poison production
        • Antibiotic production
        • Water holding
      • Convergent evolution
        • Analogous structures
    • Changing
      • Natural selection
        • Variation
          • = Differences
        • Best adapted
        • Increased chance of surving
        • Pass allele
          • with advantageous characteristic
        • Repeated
        • Peppered moths
        • Sheep blowflies

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