Nature
- Created by: Grace.2006
- Created on: 03-02-23 09:29
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- Nature
- Refers to genetic inheritance and other biological factors
- Biological Psychologists argue that our genes influence our behaviour rather than environmental factors
- Certain characteristics are biologically determined by genetic inheritance
- Eye colour
- Skin pigmentation
- Other physical characteristics tend to be influenced by the genetic makeup of the birth parents
- Height
- Weight
- Life expectancy
- Vulnerability to certain diseases
- Psychological characteristics may be 'wired in' before a child is born
- Behaviour tendencies
- Personality traits
- Mental abilities
- Some early theorists believed that our nature cannot be changed and suggested that we have no free will in deciding how to behave and our personal characteristics
- We are biologically programmed through our genetics
- We all have an inner 'biological clock' which switches on (or off_ types of behaviour in a pre programmed way
- Puberty
- Peri-menopause
- Menopause
- Peri-menopause
- Maturation
- Characteristics and differences not observed at birth, but which emerge later in life
- Puberty
- Theory supporting nature
- Arnold Gesell
- Was a psychologist and paediatrician
- Used to set developmental milestones based around norms
- 'Milestone' - the skills and abilities that most children have by a certain age
- It can involve physical, social, emotional, cognitive, and communication skills
- 'Milestone' - the skills and abilities that most children have by a certain age
- Gesell believed that children move through the milestones at their own pace their development is predetermined
- Gesell believed that the environment had very little impact or influence on development
- Any problems are a result of hereditary factors
- Delayed development
- Positives
- Gesell identified typical norms of developments and milestones that are still used today
- He used advanced methodology in his observations of behaviour in a large number of children
- Around 12,000 children
- The normative approach
- Negatives
- Did not consider the influence of individual or cultural differences in children
- He believed that the norms of developments he described were desirable
- Bowlby and Chomsky are also nature theories as they believed it is 'wired into our brains' before we are born
- Gesell
- Pre-programmed to hit maturation milestones in order
- Bowlby
- Pre-programmed to attach to caregiver
- Chomsky
- Pre-programmed to develop language
- Gesell
- Arnold Gesell
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