gender
- Created by: sophiemai
- Created on: 21-04-19 08:58
View mindmap
- gender
- sex role stereotypes
- sex - biological, gender -psychological
- sex role stereotypes = shared expectations of gender across society & culture. often sexist
- eval; 1- supporting evidence nature 2- supporting evidence nurture 3- real life application 4- real life application
- bem sex role inventory
- androgyny- high amount of both masculine & feminine treats
- done with questionare - fit into created categories
- eval; 1- validity of scale 2- reliability of scale 3- contrasting evidence 4- reductionist
- androgyny- high amount of both masculine & feminine treats
- chromosomes & hormones
- 23rd = gender Y- fem X- mas producing different amounts of hormones
- testosterone - male, increased sex drive, muscel size, agression &testes
- oestrogen - fem, periods, *****, PMS, mainly 2nd characteristics
- oxcytocin - more women, after birth & milk for attachment, help stress, during sex - equal
- eval; 1- david reimer support 2- trans support 3- contradictory 4- reductionist
- 23rd = gender Y- fem X- mas producing different amounts of hormones
- A- typical sex chromosomes
- klinefelters
- XXY- in men, physical - less body hair, often infertile, psychological - shy, poorly developed lang & reading
- turners
- X - in women, physical - no period breasts, webbed neck, psychological - higher than average reading, socially immature, lowever visio spatial skills
- eval; 1- nature 2- nurture 3- real life application 4- genralisability of data
- klinefelters
- cognitive explanation
- kohlberg's stage theory - understanding of gender develops with age
- gender identity- 2y= identify self, 3y= identify others but not perminate
- gender stability - 4y= their gender will always be the same - others less so
- gender consistancy - 6/7y= no longer confused and seek appropriate role models
- eval; 1- sypporting evidence 2- matches biological age 3- age differences 4- gender differences
- kohlberg's stage theory - understanding of gender develops with age
- gender schema theory
- set of beliefs that actively increase with age - starts developing as soon as they reach gender identity. at 6 ys detailed and ridgid - tend to ignore anything that doesnt fit ther schema
- eval; 1- supporting evidence 2- real life application 3- over simplistic 4- individual differences
- pychodynamic explanations
- electra complex -
- desire mum - blames mum for lack of own penis, sexually desires father, penis = power, decides baby is better than penis , then identifies with mother again - so identifies with mother internalising her behaviours
- oedipus complex -
- dudes have castration fear due to loving their mother and fearing dads wraith, tries to hide by internalising dads identiy as his own
- eval; 1- supporting evidence 2- contraryevidence 3- gender bias 4- family differences
- electra complex -
- the influence of culture & media
- culture
- allows us to tell whether behaviours nature or nurture, med found that in other triad gender expectations are completely switched - suggesting nurture
- eval; 1- mead research = misleading 2- cultural similarities
- media
- any form of comunication that could influence gender understanding. research shows that adverts hold very ridgid stereotypes - men = ambitious, independant, advice givers, women = dependant, advice seekers
- eval; 1- cause & effect 2- real life application
- culture
- social learning theory
- all behaviours are learnt, we see people we want to identify with - role models- and throughh direct, indirect and vicarious reinforcement behaviours are gained
- 4 stages; 1- attention 2- retention 3- motivation 4- motor reproduction
- eval; 1- supporting evidence 2- explains changes over time 3- ignores roles of biological factors 4- comapare to psychodynamic
- all behaviours are learnt, we see people we want to identify with - role models- and throughh direct, indirect and vicarious reinforcement behaviours are gained
- A - typical gender development
- biological
- brain sex theory - structural differences - bed nucleus terminals
- role of chromosomes - twin study lookig at hereitability of GID
- eval; 1- supporting evidence 2- twin studies 3- reductionist 4- socially sensitie research
- social explanation
- psychodynamic explaination- GID in men due to extreme separation
- cognitive explanation - dual pathway theory 1=normal gender schema development, 2= person has different interests which are eventually incorporated into schema
- eval; 1- supporting evidence 2- gender bias 3- not full explainations 4- fails to identify alternative reasons
- biological
- sex role stereotypes
Comments
No comments have yet been made