Muscles, Joints and planes

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  • Joints/ Muscles and Movements
    • Joints
      • Cartilginous
        • Moderate mobility/ High stability
          • Spine
      • Synovial
        • High mobility/ Low to Moderate stability
          • Shoulder
        • Distinguishable features
          • Fluid within the joint
            • Lubrication to allow joints to move freely
          • Cartilage at the end of the joint
            • Allows bones to move freely
          • Fibrous Band
            • Joins bone to bone
          • Membrane around joint
            • Keeps the fluid around the joint
        • Types
          • Pivot    (elbow)
            • A rounded or pointed structure of one bone articulates a ring like structure of an adjacent bone
            • Allows rotation about a longitudinal axis only
          • Hinge (elbow/knee)
            • A cylindrical profusion of one bone articulates a trough shaped depression of adjacent bone
            • Allows bending and straightening only - 1 plane
          • Condyloid (wrist)
            • Similar to ball and socket but flatter articulating surfaces
            • Movement can occur in two planes.
          • Ball and Socket (shoulder/hip)
            • A ball shaped head of one bone articulates a cup like socket of another
            • Movement can occur in 3 planes.
          • Cartilaginous (Spine)
            • Articulating surfaces are almost flat and of similar size
            • Gliding allows movement in three planes, but is limited
      • Fibrous
        • Low Mobility/ High Stability/
          • Cranium/ Pelvis
    • Planes Of Motion
      • Frontal
        • Movements out to the side of the body and up and down
        • Swimming butterfly
      • Transverse
        • Moving horizontally across the body
        • Forehand in tennis
      • Saggital
        • Movements infront or behind the body
        • Walking/ Bowling in cricket
    • Muscles
      • Elbow    (Hinge)
        • Tricep Brachii
          • Extension of the elbow
        • Bicep Brachii
          • Flexion of the elbow
      • Ankle (Condyloid)
        • Tibialis Anterior
          • Dorsi Flexion
        • Gastrocnemius / Soleus
          • Plantar Flexion
      • Shoulder (Ball and Socket)
        • Latissimus Dorsi
          • Adduction of the shoulder
            • Frontal
        • Pectoralis Major
          • Flexion of the shoulder
            • Horizontal
        • Subscapularis
          • Medial Rotation
        • Trapezius
          • Extension of the shoulder
            • Horizontal
        • Deltoid
          • Abduction of the shoulder
            • Frontal
        • Infraspinatus/Teres Minor
          • Lateral Rotation
      • Knee (Hinge)
        • Rectus Femoris
          • Extension of the knee
        • Bicep Femoiris/ Semitendinosus/ Semimembranosus
          • Flexion of the knee
      • Hip (ball and socket
        • Gluteus Medius
          • Abduction and medial rotation of the hip
        • Gluteus Maximus
          • Extension of the hip
        • Adductor Group
          • Adduction of the hip
        • Illiopsoas
          • Flexion of the hip
        • Lateral Rotator Group
          • Lateral Rotation
      • Wrist (Condyloid)
        • Wrist Flexors
          • Flexion of the wrist

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