Mindmap - Anxiety
- Created by: G83
- Created on: 17-09-20 13:48
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- Anxiety
- Arousal
- Readiness / Alert
- Psychological & Physiological responses to New Stimuli / Extrinsic
- Positive or Negative impact on performance
- Trait
- Natural Disposition
- Irrational Psychological & Physiological responses to New Stimuli
- Perceived Threat / non Threatening Intrinsic / Extrinsic Environmental Factors
- State Anxiety
- Situational relevance, individuals response to a potential threatening situation / apprehension of situation
- Response / Perceived Threat
- Dependent on Circumstance e.g: confidence against weak opposition Vs anxious against strong opposition / Type of Competition
- Attentional Narrowing
- Potential Omission of task relevant information Involuntarily and unconsciously fail to process important information
- Restricting of attention in high stress situations absorbing small amount of information
- May Negatively affect Performance
- Cognitive Anxiety
- Psychological = Variant on situation, Negative thoughts / Self doubt / Worry / Fear / Indecision / Confusion / Irritability / Forgetfulness / Feeling Weak / Loss of Confidence / Feeling rushed
- Intrinsic & Extrinsic Environment
- Somatic Anxiety
- Physical Responses Variable to perceived arousal dependent on situation
- Increased heart rate / Sickness / Diarrhoea / Pacing / Insomnia /Loss of appetite / Butterflies / Muscle tension / Increased blood pressure / Dry mouth / Sweating / Shaking / Nervous habits /Jelly legs
- Can lead to a Negative Impact Performance
- May Negatively impact Performance
- Somatic Anxiety
- Physical Responses Variable to perceived arousal dependent on situation
- Increased heart rate / Sickness / Diarrhoea / Pacing / Insomnia /Loss of appetite / Butterflies / Muscle tension / Increased blood pressure / Dry mouth / Sweating / Shaking / Nervous habits /Jelly legs
- Can lead to a Negative Impact Performance
- Theories
- Inverted U (Yerkes & Dodson, 1908) Suggests performance and anxiety is approximated to the inverted U-shaped continuum. As arousal is increased, performance improves but only up to a certain point (top of the inverted U) if the athlete’s arousal is increased beyond this point, the performance declines. e.g. Low arousal and anxiety leads to decrease in performance. An increase in arousal / anxiety can help facilitate optimal performance. However too much anxiety can cause performance to decline.
- Drive Theory (Hull, 1943) Suggests that the relationship between situation specific state anxiety and performance is linear; higher anxiety leads to better performance.(Zajonc, 1965) Suggests if the athlete is appropriately skilled this assists with optimum performance if there drive to compete is aroused.
- Reversal Theory (Apter, 1982) The belief that the way in which arousal / anxiety affects performance is specific to the individuals own interpretation of their arousal / anxiety levels.
- The Conceptual Model of athletic Performance Anxiety (Smith & Smoll, 1990) Suggests that arousal/ anxiety can influence an individual’s stress response to a competitive situation. This influences performance through a range of physiological, behavioural and or cognitive responses.
- The Multidimensional Anxiety Theory (Martens, 1990) Suggests cognitive state anxiety is negatively related to performance. Somatic state anxiety is related to performance in an inverted U. e.g. somatic anxiety should decline once the performance begins, but cognitive anxiety may remain high if confidence is low. Martens (1990) developed (A-trait) questionnaires tailored specially to sport (****). Marten (1990) recognized that any measure of sport anxiety must take both cognitive and somatic anxiety into consideration. The CSAI-2 distinguishes the differences between A-Trait and A-State,
- The Catastrophe Theory (Hardy & Parfit, 1991) Theory that suggests somatic anxiety is related to performance in an inverted U fashion, only when the individual has low cognitive state anxiety. Suggesting that stress and anxiety will influence performance each athlete will respond in a unique way to competitive anxiety. The performance will be affected in a unique way which may be difficult to predict using general rules.
- The Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning (Hanin, 1997) The interpretation that elite level performers have an optimal zone of arousal/anxiety which enables them to achieve optimal performance. If arousal/anxiety is outside the zone (too high/low) performance will decline.
- Arousal
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