Microscopy and cell structure
- Created by: ajellis
- Created on: 01-01-19 20:36
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- Microscopy and cell structures
- Microscopes
- Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
- Radiation source - Electrons
- Magnification - x500,000
- Specimen - Dead
- Image - Black and white 2D
- Radiation source - Electrons
- Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
- Radiation source - Electrons
- Magnification - x200,000
- Specimen - Dead
- Image - Black and white. False colour 3D
- Radiation source - Electrons
- Laser scanning microscope
- Radiation source - Laser
- Magnification - x2,000
- Resolution - 0.5nm
- Stain - Fluorescence
- Radiation source - Laser
- Light microscope
- Radiation source - light
- Magnification x 1,000 - x2,000
- Radiation source - light
- Calibrating the graticule
- Magnification - Increase in size defined by image size/ actual size
- Resolution - The ability to distinguish two separate points that are close together.
- Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
- Cell structures
- Nucleus - Made up of nucleolus and nuclear envelope. Contains chromosomes and DNA,
- Nucleolus - More denser area, RNA and ribosomes areproduced in the Nucleolus.
- Nuclear envelope - Small pores too small for DNA to fit through. Lets RNA in and out of nucleus.
- Rough endoplasmic recticulum (RER)- Ribsomes on outside have cisternae. Higher density around nucleus and golgi. Assembles, transports and sorts proteins
- Smooth endoplasmic recticulum (SER) - Has cisternae. Assembles steroids and lipids. Stores lipids. Lipid metabolism.
- Golgi apparatus - Made up of cisternae. Package, modifying and transporting lipids into vesicles,
- Ribosomes - Made up of Ribosomal RNA. Protein synthesis.
- Mitochondria - Inner membrane folded into cistae. Self replicating. Abundant in cells where there is lots of metabolic activity. 2-5 micrometers. Site of ATP production
- Lysosomes - Vesicles that contain Hydrolytic enzyme (suicide bag). Controls cell death.
- Plasma membrane - Made of phospholipids and cholesterol, proteins and carbohydrates. Controls what goes in and out of the cell
- Chloroplasts - make the plant green. Captures sunlight energy and converts to ATP. Carries out chemical reactions.
- Centrioles - Shape of a hollow cylinder made out of microtubules. Forms cillia and flagella, Forms spindle that pulls apart chromosomes
- Microscopes
- Radiation source - light
- Magnification x 1,000 - x2,000
- Resolution - 200nm
- Stain - Iodine or Methylene blue
- Light microscope
- Specimen - Alive or dead
- Image - Coloured
- Resolution - 0.2nm-0.4nm
- Stain - Heavy metals
- Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
- Radiation source - Electrons
- Magnification - x200,000
- Specimen - Dead
- Image - Black and white. False colour 3D
- Radiation source - Electrons
- Resolution - 0.2nm
- Stain - Heavy metals
- Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
- Radiation source - Electrons
- Magnification - x500,000
- Specimen - Dead
- Image - Black and white 2D
- Radiation source - Electrons
- Specimen - Alive or dead
- Image - Coloured
- Laser scanning microscope
- Radiation source - Laser
- Magnification - x2,000
- Resolution - 0.5nm
- Stain - Fluorescence
- Radiation source - Laser
- 1.Place stage micrometer on stage.
- 2.Line up divisions on graticule with those of the micrometers
- 3.Work out length of one eyepiece unit
- 2.Line up divisions on graticule with those of the micrometers
- Calibrating graticule = Graticule (micrometer) / eyepiece unit (graticule)= 1EPU
- 4. Repeat for each objective lens
- Magnification can only be increased if resolution has not been met
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