LIBERALISM 3
- Created by: Q_
- Created on: 09-06-19 16:13
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- Tensions within Liberalism
- HUMAN NATURE
- ALL LIBERALS BELIEVE THAT INDIVIDUALS ARE GENERALLY RATIONAL, INTELLIGENT AND ARE KEEN TO PRIORITISE THEIR INDIVIDUAL HAPPINESS AND FULFILMENT.
- EARLY CLASSICAL LIBERALS LIKE LOCKE, AND NEO-LIBERALS LIKE HAYEK, BELIEVE THAT INDIVIDUALS ARE INNATELY LESSED WITH SUCH QUALITIES - WHEREAS MODERN LIBERALS LIKE RAWLS TEND TO THINK THAT SUCH QUALITIES ARE POTENTIAL FEATURES OF HUMAN NATURES - TO BE DEVELOPED BY ENLIGHTENED BY LIBERAL AUTHORITIES.
- THIS IS WHY MODERN LIBERALS ENDORSE MILL'S CONCEPT OF INDIVIDUALITY - ONE THAT REFERS TO WHAT INDIVIDUALS COULD BECOME, ONCE 'ENABLED' TO FULFIL THEIR POTENTIAL.
- EARLY CLASSICAL LIBERALS LIKE LOCKE, AND NEO-LIBERALS LIKE HAYEK, BELIEVE THAT INDIVIDUALS ARE INNATELY LESSED WITH SUCH QUALITIES - WHEREAS MODERN LIBERALS LIKE RAWLS TEND TO THINK THAT SUCH QUALITIES ARE POTENTIAL FEATURES OF HUMAN NATURES - TO BE DEVELOPED BY ENLIGHTENED BY LIBERAL AUTHORITIES.
- ALL LIBERALS BELIEVE THAT INDIVIDUALS ARE GENERALLY RATIONAL, INTELLIGENT AND ARE KEEN TO PRIORITISE THEIR INDIVIDUAL HAPPINESS AND FULFILMENT.
- SOCIETY
- CLASSICAL LIBERALS BELIEVE THAT HUMAN SOCIETY PREDATES THE STATE, WHILE ALL LIBERALS SEE SOCIETY AS A COLLECTION OF DIVERSE AND POTENTIALLY AUTONOMOUS INDIVIDUALS, SEEKING SELF-DETERMINATION, SELF-FULFILMENT AND SELF-REALISATION.
- MODERN LIBERALS, LIKE RAWLS, BELIEVE THAT INDUSTRIALISED AND URBAN SOCIETIES ARE THOSE WHERE INDIVIDUALS ARE LESS AUTONOMOUS AND REQUIRE STATE SUPPORT TO BE FREE (POSITIVE LIBERTY).
- NEO-LIBERALSSEE SOCIETY AS ONE WHERE INDIVIDUALS HAVE BEEN SPOILED BY POSITIVE LIBERTY AND NOW THE 'DEPENDENCY CULTURE'NEEDS TO BE CORRECTED BY A REDUCTION OF THE STATE (Margaret Thatcher).
- THE STATE
- ALL LIBERALS BELIEVE THAT THE STATE SHOULD FUNCTION ACCORDING TO PREARRANGED RULES AND PROCEDURES, WITH POWER FRAGMENTED AND AUTHORITY SUBJECT TO THE CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED.
- CLASSICAL LIBERALS LIKE MILL, IN ACCORDANCE WITH 'NEGATIVE' LIBERTY, BELIEVE THAT STATE INTERVENTION SHOULD BE MINIMAL AND INDIVIDUALS LEFT UNCHECKED.
- MODERN LIBERALS BELIEVE STATE INTERVENTION SHOULD BE MORE EXTENSIVE TO 'ENABLE' INDIVIDUALS TO REACH THEIR POTENTIAL.
- MODERN LIBERALS ARE SATISFIED THAT REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY ENHANCES CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT, WHEREAS EARLY CLASSICAL LIBERALS SAW DEMOCRACY AS A THREAT TO PROPERTY RIGHTS.
- MODERN LIBERALS BELIEVE STATE INTERVENTION SHOULD BE MORE EXTENSIVE TO 'ENABLE' INDIVIDUALS TO REACH THEIR POTENTIAL.
- CLASSICAL LIBERALS LIKE MILL, IN ACCORDANCE WITH 'NEGATIVE' LIBERTY, BELIEVE THAT STATE INTERVENTION SHOULD BE MINIMAL AND INDIVIDUALS LEFT UNCHECKED.
- ALL LIBERALS BELIEVE THAT THE STATE SHOULD FUNCTION ACCORDING TO PREARRANGED RULES AND PROCEDURES, WITH POWER FRAGMENTED AND AUTHORITY SUBJECT TO THE CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED.
- THE ECONOMY
- FOLLOWING LOCKE'S ASSERTION THAT PROPERTY IS A 'NATURALRIGHT', ALL LIBERALS BELIEVE THAT THE ECONOMY SHOULD BE BASED ON PROVATE PROPERTY AND PRIVATE ENTERPRISE.
- MODERN LIBERALSHAVE MORE SYMPATHY FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF KEYNESIAN CAPITALISM (REGULAR STATE MANAGEMENT ENSURES FULL EMPLOYMENT).
- MODERN LIBERALS BELIEF IN 'MANAGED' CAPITALISM ALSO EXPLAINS ITS SUPPORT FOR SUPRANATIONAL ORGANISATIONS LIKE THE EU, WHICH MANY NEO-LIBERALS SEE AS AN OBSTACLE TO GLOBAL FREE TRADE.
- MODERN LIBERALSHAVE MORE SYMPATHY FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF KEYNESIAN CAPITALISM (REGULAR STATE MANAGEMENT ENSURES FULL EMPLOYMENT).
- FOLLOWING LOCKE'S ASSERTION THAT PROPERTY IS A 'NATURALRIGHT', ALL LIBERALS BELIEVE THAT THE ECONOMY SHOULD BE BASED ON PROVATE PROPERTY AND PRIVATE ENTERPRISE.
- HUMAN NATURE
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