Levels of Processing AO1 and AO2
- Created by: Claire McMillan
- Created on: 20-05-13 11:24
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- LEVELS OF PROCESSING
- AO1
- By Craik and Lcokhart in 1970
- concentrates on the LTM and semantic processing
- they suggest the depth or level of proceszsing determines its place in the LTM
- the greater we think about imformation, the longer it will be remembered
- processed at 3 levels
- Structural
- Shallow-example-whether or not a word is in capital letters
- remembered the least
- Shallow-example-whether or not a word is in capital letters
- Phonetic
- Deep-example-whether a word sounds like another word
- Semantic
- Deepest-example-whether a word fits into a sentence or category
- remembered the most
- Deepest-example-whether a word fits into a sentence or category
- Structural
- semantic can be processed at different depths of analysis, some more complex than others: this is called ELABORATE SEMANTIC PROCESSING
- It focused on INFORMATION PROCESSING
- AO2
- NEGATIVE
- not easy to study as it is difficult to operationalise due to it being highly individual
- REBER ET AL 1994
- found that emotional content affects recall therefore it is not the full exaplanation as it doesn't explain why emotionally tied information is remembered for longer and more vividly
- CRAIK AND TULVING HAVE LOW ECO VALIDITY
- RAMPONI ET AL found recall of one word can cause the recall of another regardless of processing levels
- POSITIVE
- CRAIK AND TULVING 1975 and RAMPONI ET AL 2004
- found that semantic processing led to a better recall
- brain scanning
- found more brain activity during semantic processing which means a deeper processing
- APPLICATION- revision-> those who read around the subject, therefore process the information deeper, get better results than those who don't
- CRAIK AND TULVING 1975 and RAMPONI ET AL 2004
- NEGATIVE
- AO1
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