Language Change - A02
Language change over time - main AO2 points
- Created by: Betty Grimaldi
- Created on: 28-04-16 13:05
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- Language Change - A02
- Descriptivists
- David Crystal
- Tide Metaphor
- Linguists of the internet
- Sapir Whorf
- Linguistic determinism
- Jean Aitchison
- Language change myths
- Dennis Freeborn
- Incorrectness View (all accents are incorrect compared to standard English/RP)
- Ugliness view (some accents don't sounds nice - linked to stereotypes and negative social connotations)
- *FREEBORN DISAGREES WITH ALL OF THESE* (Accents gain popularity from fashion and convention. E.g. RP became standard as it had prestige, NOT because it was correct)
- Impreciseness view (some accents are lazy)
- David Crystal
- Prescriptivists
- Samuel Johnson
- Noah Webster
- Lynne Truss
- John Humphreys
- Processes of semantic change
- Broadening
- Narrowing
- Amelioration
- Pejoration
- Metaphor
- Semantic shift
- Weakening
- Terms to describe new words
- Blending (Process of combining elements)
- Borrowing
- Compound (2 words put together)
- Portmanteau (The word created by the blend)
- Neologism (new word)
- Neolexia (New wordS)
- Coining (creation of new word)
- Derivation (creating new word from archaic root e.g. neurons)
- Affixation (adding prefixes of suffixes) e.g. homophobia/ ghettoisation
- Other theorists
- Howard Giles
- Matched Guise
- Accomm-odation Theory
- Deborah Cameron
- Believed women's voices are judged differently from men's. E.g. women with strong cockney accents are deemed as sexually available. >She predicts that in the future, men's talk will become more feminized
- Bray Kachru
- Globalization of English
- Brown + Levinson
- Face
- Howard Giles
- Process of two languages forming a new language
- Two languages
- Pidgin
- Lingua Franca (taught to next generation)
- Creole (Grammatical rules, lexis widens)
- Diffusion
- Language OR Anti-Language
- Diffusion
- Creole (Grammatical rules, lexis widens)
- Lingua Franca (taught to next generation)
- Pidgin
- Two languages
- Amalgamation Primary
- Creoles often develop when speakers of the pidgin can no longer speak the source language
- Canole + Dyke - The Affordances and Constraints of technology
- *Accesibility *Speed of change *Diversity *Communication *Collaboration*Reflection *Multi-modal *Surveillance *Immediacy
- Kachru's diagram of Globalisation
- Inner circle = native speakers Out circle = English as a 2nd language Expanding circle = All those who learn and use English with varying degrees of experience
- Descriptivists
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