language and variation
- Created by: merlewalmsley
- Created on: 18-05-20 12:17
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- LANGUAGE AND VARIATION
- TYPES OF VARIATION
- synchronic variation-variation at a particular moment
- diachronic variation- variation considering development and evolution
- descriptivism- evolution of language shows broadening world view
- prescriptivism- the correct form of English is RP, language is being dumbed down
- TYPES OF ENGLISH
- American
- 1935: 30- 40 Americanisms said a day
- 2017: 300-400 Americanisms said a day
- Australian
- distinctive from British english
- more idioms
- AAVE
- drop 't' and 'r' sounds
- 'be' denotes everyday action
- Estuary
- like cockney but closer to RP
- glottal stop
- broad A
- MLE
- sociolect spoken by working class
- multiethnolect
- local, becoming more seen
- American
- LEXICAL CHANGE
- travel
- wars
- advances in science
- technology
- societal change
- FORMING NEOLOGISMS
- borrowing words from another language
- blending
- compounding
- conversion
- affixation
- PHONOLOGY CHANGE
- ommission
- assimmilation
- informalisation
- EME
- printing press introduced in 1476
- 1600s produced new literature
- leading to process of standardisation
- SEMANTIC CHANGE
- broadening
- narrowing
- idioms
- amelioration
- pejoration
- weakening
- DAVID FREEBORN
- incorrectness view
- impreciseness view
- ugliness view
- GILES
- upward convergence- closer to RP
- downward convergence- away from RP
- divergence- moves away from speaker's accent
- AITCHSON
- CRUMBLING CASTLE
- English is decaying
- INFECTIOUS DISEASE
- bad English is a disease that soreads
- DAMP SPOON
- bad English sticks to lazy and passive people
- CRUMBLING CASTLE
- TYPES OF VARIATION
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