Language and Age Theories and Theorists
- Created by: OMAM
- Created on: 10-11-17 10:55
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- Language and Age Theories
- Concepts
- Penelope Eckert
- There are different ways of defining the concept of age
- Chronological age (number of years since birth)
- Biological age (physical maturity)
- Social age (linked to life events, such as marriage and having children)
- There are different ways of defining the concept of age
- Cheshire
- Adult language, as well as child language, develops in response to important life events that affect the social relations and social attitudes of individuals
- Bigham
- Important life events are more likely to occur post-18, at an age classed as 'emerging adulthood'
- Penelope Eckert
- Contextual factors influencing teenage language
- Zimmerman
- He argues that the following factors are also influential
- The media and the press
- New means of communication
- Music
- Street art and graffiti
- He argues that the following factors are also influential
- De Klerk
- Young people have the freedom to 'challenge linguistic norms'
- They 'seek to establish new identities'
- The patterns of speech previously modelled on the speech of adults are 'slowly eroded by the patterns of speech' by their peer group
- The nee to belong to a group whose 'habits...are different from their parents, other adults and other young people', distinguishing themselves as members of a distinctive social group
- They need to be seen as 'modern ... cool, fashionable [and] up-to-date'
- Zimmerman
- Gary Ives
- Lots of talk about relationships
- Informal register, taboo and dialect
- Ape-specific slang terms
- Penelope Eckert
- Slang is used to 'establish a connection to youth culture to set themselves apart from the older generation...to signal coolness, toughness or attitude
- Teenagers don't talk all the same: ' differences among adolescents are probably far greater than among the members of any other age group'
- Martinez
- Teens use negatives, multiple negation and non-standard use of 'never' more frequently than adults
- More direct and less cautious - less afraid of face threatening acts
- Stenstrom, Andersen and Hasund
- Study of 14-16 year olds in London
- Common features
- Use of 'ain't'
- Ellipsis of auxiliary verbs
- Multiple negation
- Non-standard pronouns
- Common features
- Study of 14-16 year olds in London
- Berlund
- Use of tag questions
- 'Innit'
- More working class
- 'Yeah'
- More middle class
- 'Okay?'
- More male
- 'Innit'
- Use of tag questions
- Stenstrom
- Irregular turn-taking
- Overlaps
- Indistinct articulation
- Verbal duelling
- Word shortening
- Teasing and name calling
- Taboo language
- Slang
- Language mixing
- Concepts
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