L1 what is obesity
- Created by: BKW
- Created on: 08-01-20 12:20
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- What is obesity? L1
- DEFINITION - abnormal/excessive fat accumulation that may impair health
- Measured in BMI or waist circumference
- BMI does not take into account muscle mass
- Global issue
- WHO 1998/2014 say obesitiy is a chronic disease prevelant in developed and developing countries, effecting children and adults
- OECD (2014) found obesity is ^^^ worldwide - WW obesity has more than doubled since 1980
- 1.4B = overweight, 500M = obese according to WHO2014
- Effects men and women
- HealthSurveyForEngland 2010-12 8% less men than women in the healthy weight category but obesity is slightly 1% higher for women
- always been higher for women but gap is closing
- HealthSurveyForEngland 2010-12 8% less men than women in the healthy weight category but obesity is slightly 1% higher for women
- PHE show it doesn't effect all groups equally, more common among...
- deprived areas
- older age groups
- some black and minority groups
- those with disability
- PHSFE 1994-2009 obesity ^^^ in unskilled manual workers compared to professional managerial positions
- Measured in BMI or waist circumference
- Childhood obesity
- Childhood obesity surveillance initiative shows its a particular problem for spain, Italy and GB
- NCMP2012/13 show as children get older weight ^^^ yr1-yr6 10%^^^ in obesity
- Social inequity
- Knai et al 2012 - countries with ^^^ social inequity have ^^^ childhood obesity
- low SES
- NCMP obesity among 10/11 yo is ^^^ for those with low SES
- Health risks of Obesity
- T2D
- Colditz et al1995- risk of developing T2D ^^^ with BMI. If BMI is above 35 there is 93% chance of developing T2D
- Ehtisham et al 2000- T2D reported in Uk children and obesity is the key factor
- vvv life expectancy
- Lancet 2009 -as BMI ^^^ LE vvv - normal BMI = 80% chance of reaching 70y/o - BMI 35-40 = 60% , BMI 40-50 = 50%
- CVD
- Greenlund et al 2014 - in USA since 1991 heart disease and stronke ^^^ but given vvv in smoking its most likely linked to obesity/diabetes
- Cancer
- Eheman et al 2012 - 5% greater risk of breast cancer for every 2 increases in BMI. all cancers ^^^ with BMI
- Mental health risks
- mood disorders& anxiety
- Simon et al 2009 obese ^^^ likelihood of mood disorder& anxiety but NOT substance misuse
- Mather et al 2009 - found the same for anxiety&MD
- Simon et al 2009 obese ^^^ likelihood of mood disorder& anxiety but NOT substance misuse
- Depression
- Lupppino et al 2010- Systematic review/ MA of 15 Longitudinal studies - 58745 pps found a bidirectional link between depression and obesity NOT overweight
- Patalay&Hardman2019 - obesity and emotional problems in children age 7-14 bidirectional link
- mood disorders& anxiety
- T2D
- Stigma&Discrimination
- evident among medical professionals
- Hebi&Xu2001- USA physicians less likely to spend time with overweight/obese patient
- evident in employment
- Sarlio-Lahteenkorva 2004 - women with obesity in white collar professions earned vvv than healthy women
- Kebl et al 2003 - male job applicant rated more negative when only SEEN with overweight female compared to non overweight woman
- evident in children
- Hill&Silver1995 - 180 9y/o rated 4 silhouettes and they rated obese silhouettes as having less friends, doing worse at school and less healthy
- evident among medical professionals
- Benefits of 5-10% weight loss
- Knowler et al 2002 - vvv risk of T2D
- Foster et al 2009 improves sleep aopnea
- wing et al 202011 improves blood pressure
- Li et al 2014 vvv CV risk
- Wing &Hill 2001 - ^^^ QOL, mobility, job performance, time interacting with others and spouse
- Warkentin et al 2014 - MA of 53 weight loss interventions, weight loss associated with ^^^ physical but not mental health
- DEFINITION - abnormal/excessive fat accumulation that may impair health
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