Italy 1860-1922
- Created by: ljoy1801
- Created on: 05-02-18 18:50
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- Italy 1861-1922
- The political system + Problems facing Italy
- Unification
- Became a nation in 1861, fully unified in 1870
- Dreamed of Risorgimento - Rebirth
- 99% spoke their regional dialect - official language came from Florence
- 1898 - protests. 100 people killed in Milan
- 29th July 1900 - King Umberto I assassinated by an anarchist who wanted revenge
- Political and economic troubles would tear the country apart
- Education
- More than half the population, particularly the South were illiterate
- Official language was in the North
- Had little focus on education
- Foreign policy
- Focused on irredentism = focus on unification
- Didn't have military or diplomatic means to reclaim areas
- Signed triple alliance with Austria and Germany
- The Roman Question
- Described the split between church and nation - church did not accept italy's legitimacy
- Unification
- Giovanni Giolitti
- Born Oct 22nd 1842 - July 17th 1928
- PM in 1892, lost power after 18 moths. Was in power 1897, 1901, 1903 when he was PM of the interior. PM again in 1906 - chose to resign. 11 year period
- Tried to get Luzzatti to resign so he could be PM
- Favoured Austria, tried to keep Italy out of European war
- Wanted Italy to be modern, industrialised and successful. Wanted to be united by shared values and faith in liberal parliament
- Wanted support from socialists and Catholic church
- Made 2 policies with the church in 1904, said the church and state should never meet. Offered them confessions in return for support
- Gave priority to economic problems, organised public work schemes, public health, housing, work conditions, woman and child labour, old age pensions
- The Church
- Papal states owned by RC Church - wealthiest parts
- Held power between 1861 and 1912 - didn't just have power in papal states (near North-South border)
- Pope Puis 9th - 31 years. Leo 18th - forbid Catholics from voting, Puis 10th.
- Caused tensions over the Roman Question
- The PSI Party
- Filippo Turati - founder of reformist party
- Costantino Lazzari - Maximalist party founder. Expelled from PSI
- Policies around trade unions, socialist circles, conservative reforms
- Divided over 2 PSI groups - Reformists and Maximalists. Maximalists - London Bureau work and Left-wing association. Reformists - unions and parliamentary groups
- Appealed in north and urban areas eg Milan and Naples.
- ANI Nationalists
- Founded in 1910 under nationalists Corradini and Papini. 1914- right wing authoritarian
- Mostly wealthy people supporting although they tried to get workers involved
- Aimed to unite differing classes of patriotic love of Italy
- Anti-liberal & aggressive foreign policy - wanted land
- Said Roman culture made invaluable contributions to society
- Corradini linked left wing to nationalism - said Italy was being exploited by international Capitalism = poor economy
- Joined March on Rome in 1922 - merged with Facist party in 1923
- The political system + Problems facing Italy
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