Intro to genetic material and nucleic acid structure
- Created by: Alice Fisher
- Created on: 05-05-15 13:00
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- Introduction to genetic material and nucleic acid structure
- Experiements
- Avery 1940
- Staphylococcus bacteria; rough and smooth. Kill S and feed it to R. R converts to S (transformation principle)
- Purify S type DNA and RNA to show it was these causing it and not proteins
- Limitation as not all S purified
- Purify S type DNA and RNA to show it was these causing it and not proteins
- Staphylococcus bacteria; rough and smooth. Kill S and feed it to R. R converts to S (transformation principle)
- Hershey Chase 1952
- Phosphate is in DNA (not proteins). Sulphate is vice versa.
- Viruses with labelled DNA made a new virus with labelled DNA (wasn't as radioactive though)
- Viruses with labelled proteins made a virus with normal DNA but with labelled phage ghosts
- Phosphate is in DNA (not proteins). Sulphate is vice versa.
- Avery 1940
- DNA
- Nucleotide
- Phosphate, pentose sugar, nitrogenous base
- Purines bigger, have 2 rings and 9 atoms (adenine guanine)
- Chargaff's rule: DNA is 50% of each. A=T, G=C
- Pyrimidines smaller, have 1 ring and 6 atoms (cytosine, thymine, uracil)
- Chargaff's rule: DNA is 50% of each. A=T, G=C
- Pyrimidines smaller, have 1 ring and 6 atoms (cytosine, thymine, uracil)
- RNA
- Carbon 2 has a hydroxyl group (ribose)
- Uracil raplaces thymine
- DNA carbon 2 loses its hydroxyl
- Carbon 2 has a hydroxyl group (ribose)
- Phosphate group attached to carbon 5. Nitrogenous group attached to carbon 1.
- RNA
- Uracil raplaces thymine
- RNA
- DNA and RNA interactions
- Chain built by joining the 3rd carbon of one nucleotide with the phosphate of the other
- Thus polynucleotide chains have polarity (5' to 3') and vice versa
- Chain built in addition at 3' end
- Chain built by joining the 3rd carbon of one nucleotide with the phosphate of the other
- Nucleotide
- Double Helix
- Watson and Crick 1953
- Sugar phosphate backbone on outside
- Helix right handed
- Bases bound by hydrogen bonds (GC = 3) (AT=2)
- Two strands antiparallel (opposite polarity)
- Experiements
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