IntensiveRearing of Domestic Livestock
- Created by: Cordelia Roberts
- Created on: 29-11-12 18:06
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- Intensive
Rearing of Domestic Livestock
-
produce the maximum
yield
- lowest cost possible
-
convert the smallest
amount of food energy into the greatest amount of animal mass
-
minimising there energy
loss by keeping them in confined spaces to increase energy conversion
rate
- Environment can be kept warm so not used to maintain body heat
- Feeding can be controlled for maximum growth
- Movement is restricted so less energy is used in muscle contraction
- Predators are excluded so no loss to other organisms in food web
-
minimising there energy
loss by keeping them in confined spaces to increase energy conversion
rate
-
selective breeding
- more efficient at converting food into body mass
- hormones to increase growth rates
-
Main features
- Efficient energy conversion
- Worst tasting food
- Less land is used leaving more natural habitats
- Low cost
- High density animal population more at risk to spread of disease but easier to isolate if this happens
- Maintains a higher level of animal welfare but can lead to aggressive behaviour from being in unnatural conditions
- Produces large concentrations of waste in a small area rivers and ground waters may become polluted, pollutant gases can be dangerous and smell, larger have own waste facilities
- Over use of drugs lead to antibiotic resistance and can also alter the flavour of food or pass into the foods then into humans affecting their health
- Reduced genetic diversity due to selective breeding
- Animals are regularly given antibiotics to prevent spread of disease
- High energy-conservation rates due to use of fossil fuels, CO2 levels released increased global warming
-
Economic and
environmental issues
- economic
- desire for cheap food conflicts with the conservation of the environment
- envronmental
- reduced species diversity
- filling in ponds and draining marshes and other wetlands
- creation of monocultures
- over-grazing of land preventing regeneration of woodland
- removal of hedges and woodland
-
Indirect effect to
reduce species diversity
- escape of farm wastes into water courses
- absence of crop rotation leading to poor soil structure
- use of pesticides and inorganic fertilisers
- reduced species diversity
- economic
-
produce the maximum
yield
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