qualitative tests
- Created by: mitchell3127
- Created on: 05-02-18 22:41
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- inorganic identification tests
- appearance
- observe colour and state;state whether crystalline or powder
- white crystalline solid
- doesn't contain a transition metal/ion
- compound grp I/II or ammonium compound
- doesn't contain a transition metal/ion
- white crystalline solid
- observe colour and state;state whether crystalline or powder
- solubility in water
- add a few spatula measures of solid to a test tube of deionised water and shake to mix
- dissolves to form a colourless solution
- soluble in water
- grp i/ii, Al,Zn or ammonium compound
- soluble in water
- dissolves to form a solution (state colour)
- soluble in water
- if blue suggests Cu2+ ions present
- soluble in water
- doesn't dissolve in water
- insoluble
- dissolves to form a colourless solution
- add a few spatula measures of solid to a test tube of deionised water and shake to mix
- flame tests
- dip a nichrome wire loop into concentrated HCL, touch sample with loop, then hold in blue bunsen flame
- yellow/orange flame
- sodium ion
- crimson flame
- lithium ion
- lilac (pink through cobalt blue glass) flame
- potassium ion
- brick red flame
- calcium ion
- green flame
- barium ion
- blue-green/ green-blue flame
- copper ion
- yellow/orange flame
- dip a nichrome wire loop into concentrated HCL, touch sample with loop, then hold in blue bunsen flame
- testing for halide ions using silver nitrate
- dissolve a spatula measure of solid sample into dilute nitric acid
- and add a few cm3 of silver nitrate solution
- add dilute /concentrated ammonia solution
- WHITE PPT which redissolves in both dilute and conc
- forms a colourless solution
- chloride ion present
- forms a colourless solution
- CREAM PPT which doesn't dissolve in dilute ammonia but redissolves in conc
- to form a colourless solution
- bromide ion present
- to form a colourless solution
- YELLOW PPT which doesn't redissolve in either dilute or conc
- iodide ion present
- WHITE PPT which redissolves in both dilute and conc
- add dilute /concentrated ammonia solution
- and add a few cm3 of silver nitrate solution
- dissolve a spatula measure of solid sample into dilute nitric acid
- testing for sulfate ions using barium chloride
- dissolve a spatula measure of the solid sample in dilute nitric acid
- add a few cm3 of barium chloride solution
- WHITE PPT formed
- sulfate ions present /SO42-
- NO PPT formed= NO SULFATE IONS
- WHITE PPT formed
- add a few cm3 of barium chloride solution
- dissolve a spatula measure of the solid sample in dilute nitric acid
- testing for carbonate ions using dilute acid
- place a few cm3 of dilute acid into a test tube and add a spatula measure of the solid sample
- effervescence; solid disappears
- gas evolved can be passed though lime water in another test tube via deliver tube
- lime water colourless to milky
- carbonate ions present
- gas evolved can be passed though lime water in another test tube via deliver tube
- NO effervescence=NO carbonate ions
- effervescence; solid disappears
- place a few cm3 of dilute acid into a test tube and add a spatula measure of the solid sample
- testing for ammonium ions
- place a few cm3 of sodium hydroxide into a test tube and add a spatula measure of the solid sample- warm gently
- test any gas with damp red litmus/UI
- pungent gas evolved, damp indicator paper turns blue
- ammonium ion present
- ammonia gas is alkaline
- pungent gas evolved, damp indicator paper turns blue
- or using a glass rod dipped in conc HCL
- white smoke
- test any gas with damp red litmus/UI
- place a few cm3 of sodium hydroxide into a test tube and add a spatula measure of the solid sample- warm gently
- test for iodine with starch
- add few cm3 of starch solution to a sample
- blue-black colour observed
- iodine present
- no blue-black colour observed
- no iodine present
- blue-black colour observed
- add few cm3 of starch solution to a sample
- appearance
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