Indian Independence
- Created by: SGriffin49
- Created on: 05-07-21 09:48
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- Indian Independence
- Discontent with British Rule
- Advantages of British Rule
- Britain helped India to modernise by building railways and improving the school system.
- The British helped revolutionise Indian industry. The production of tea, coffee and spice provided jobs.
- Disadvantage of British Rule
- Britain imposed harsh taxes on India.
- Many people were living in poverty because of the high taxes.
- Most of the money that went into India, went to the British.
- There were very few Indian landowners and most big business was British owned.
- Employees were treated terribly.
- India had no independence. The British installed loyal governments and those who opposed were treated harshly.
- Advantages of British Rule
- Religious Tension
- India had 3 main religious groups- Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs.
- The 3 groups did not always get along, even before the British arrived.
- The British made religious divisions worse by following a policy of 'divide and rule' Which meant they empowered the Hindus and ignored the Muslims.
- The British established the Indian National Congress however, this did not give them much control of the running of the country.
- The INC eventually became active in calling for independence. There were 2 main groups in the INC.
- The Congress Party
- Mainly Hindu
- Gandhi was a key member
- Wanted India to remain united, with better rights under British rule.
- Later split into a 'hot' faction who wanted revolution and a 'soft' faction who wanted oeace.
- The Muslim League
- A Muslim party.
- They wanted independence from Britain
- They wanted to divide India into a Hindu state and a Muslim state.
- The Congress Party
- Gandhi and the Independence Movement
- Living conditions for the Indians was getting worse and the British were not helping.
- Calls for independence began to grow and Gandhi led a campaign for civil disobedience to bring an end to British rule without violence.
- In 1888 Gandhi studied law in Britain. From 1891-1914, Gandhi spent time in South Africa campaigning for fairer treatment of Indians.
- In 1920 Gandhi organised a boycott of British goods and institutions. He was imprisoned from 1922-24.
- In 1931, Gandhi began negotiating for Indian Independence in London but failed.
- In 1947, India and Pakistan are granted independence as separate countries. Gandhi wanted a united India.
- In 1948, Gandhi was murdered by a Hindu fanatic. He became known as 'Mahatma' which means Great Soul.
- Continued Problems
- Britain granted India independence in 1947 however, they left without setting up a workable government.
- Violence erupted between the Hindus and Muslims because they both wanted to be in power.
- It was decided that India should be divided into 2.
- Pakistan- would be mostly Muslim. Independence declared on 14th August 1947.
- India- Would be mostly Hindu and Sikh. Independence declared on 15th August 1947.
- The 2 countries remained British dominions which meant they had the British monarch.
- In 1950 India became a republic so no longer had the British Queen as the Head of State.
- In 1971, Pakistan became a republic.
- In 1971, a civil war in Pakistan led to the creation of Bangladesh
- Discontent with British Rule
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