Immunity
- Created by: terenasouthi
- Created on: 20-02-15 11:24
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- Immunity
- Defence Mechanisms
- Non-specific
- Barriers
- Protective covering (skin)
- Epithelia covered in mucus in nose throat etc
- Hydrochloric acid in the stomach
- Phagocytosis
- A phagocyte recognises the antigens on a pathogen
- The cytoplasm of the phagocyte moves round the pathogen, engulfing it
- The pathogen is now contained in a phagocytic vacuole in the cytoplasm of the phagocyte
- A lysosome fuses with the phagocytic vacuole. The lysosomal enzymes break down the pathogen
- The phagocyte then presents the pathogen's antigens - it sticks the antigens on its surface to activate other immune system cells
- Barriers
- Specific
- Humoral Response
- 1) Pathogen is engulfed by a phagocyte and the antibodies are presented on the cell surface membrane
- 2) T cells complement he antigens and they activate the B cells
- 3) The B cells rapidly divides by mitosis. This produces:
- Memory B Cells
- Secondary Immune Response
- Remembers the antibodies made for the next attack
- Memory B Cells
- Plasma Cells
- Primary Immune Response
- Plasma cells produce antigens rapidly
- Cell Mediated Response
- 1) Pathogens invade our cells
- 2) Phagocytosis occurs however instead of the pathogens product being absorbed they are displayed on the cell surface membrane
- 3) The T helper cells have receptors that compliment the antigens of the pathogens
- 4) The T helper cells rapidly divides by mitosis to form lots of clones. These clones become:
- Stimulants to promote phagocytosis
- Stimulate B cells to divide
- Memory B cells
- Plasma cell
- Antibodies
- 5) Kill affected cells
- Humoral Response
- Non-specific
- Antibodies
- Vaccinations
- Features of Successful Vaccination Programme
- Must be available to the majority of the population
- Few side effects but works at the same time
- Economic and affordable vaccine
- Why vaccinations don't eliminate diseases
- People may not believe in vaccinations or just not be able to get to them
- Pathogen may mutate too quickly before every one is vaccinated
- People have defective immune systems
- Passive
- Antigens are stimulated to be produce by an external source (vaccinations)
- Active
- When our body produces antibodies on its own
- Features of Successful Vaccination Programme
- Defence Mechanisms
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