Why was Russia the first country to experience full-scale communist revolution, contrary to Marx’s expectations? I
- Created by: Alasdair
- Created on: 15-05-18 15:37
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Why was Russia the first
country to experience full-scale communist revolution, contrary to
Marx’s expectations?
- Peter Waldron
- Sergei White
- Minister of Finance, 1892-1903
- Put in place policies designed to create environment in which industry could flourish in Russia
- Establishment of large factories and growth of towns and cities
- Created concentrations of working people who often lived in difficult and unpleasant circumstances
- Worried Ministry of Internal Affairs
- Created concentrations of working people who often lived in difficult and unpleasant circumstances
- Russian government never took overall view of consequences of industrial policy
- Deficiency was to have serious repercussions for stability of regime
- Establishment of large factories and growth of towns and cities
- Sergei White
- Peter Waldron
- Ministry of Internal Affairs
- Purpose
- To maintain order in Russian Empire
- To ensure Tsarist regime was able to control population of state
- Growth in urban population
- Welcomed by Ministry of Finance as evidence of Russia's growing economic strength
- Caused concern to bureaucrats in Internal
- Increased likelihood of discontent and disturbances
- Posed questions about ability of government to deal effectively with outbreaks of social unrest
- Purpose
- Ministry of Internal Affairs
- Peter Waldron
- Ministers
- Did not work closely together
- Ministers shared different views and would often follow policies that conflicted
- Did not work closely together
- Difficult for ministers to develop power base
- Tsars could dismiss them so easily
- e.g. Sergei Witte
- removed as Minister of Finance in 1903
- Led Russia's peace negotiations after war with Japan
- Played key role in gov response to 1905 revolutionary uprisings
- Antagonised Tsar Nicholas II that monarch accepted Witte's resignation in April 1906 at first opportunity
- gave Witte most perfunctory thanks for work he had done to save regime from collapse
- Antagonised Tsar Nicholas II that monarch accepted Witte's resignation in April 1906 at first opportunity
- Ministers
- Alan Wood
- Inability of Alexander III (1881-1894) to implement reform
- Against constitutional form of government
- Called those who talked of it 'half-wits and perverted apes'
- e.g. Loris-Melikov constitution
- Minister of Interior, Count Loris-Melikov was authorised by Alexander II to prepare project which might have led to legislation
- Barely a draft of constitution but scrapped by Alexander III and branded a 'criminal document'
- Minister of Interior, Count Loris-Melikov was authorised by Alexander II to prepare project which might have led to legislation
- Replacement Minister of Interior granted police extensive new powers of surveillance to purge country of subversive and untrustworthy elements
- Traits of Alexander III
- Bigot
- Chauvinistic
- Authoritarian
- Suspicious of intellectuals
- Anti-Semitic
- Tried to reverse or weaken reforms of his father's government
- More and more criminal cases were removed from jurisdiction of new courts
- zemstva made subject of new legislation which drastically curtailed already limited areas of competence and independence
- Most importantly, est. in 1889 of new corps of centrally appointed government officials with wide-ranging administrative powers over zemstva's activities more or less removed what little authority they had
- Represented central governments authority over local and regional communities as whole
- not restoration of land-owners' rights over peasantry
- Represented central governments authority over local and regional communities as whole
- Most importantly, est. in 1889 of new corps of centrally appointed government officials with wide-ranging administrative powers over zemstva's activities more or less removed what little authority they had
- Against constitutional form of government
- Inability of Alexander III (1881-1894) to implement reform
- Peter Waldron
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