A2 Biology Chapter 3

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  • Created by: Chloesn
  • Created on: 05-10-14 15:10
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  • Hormones
    • Endocrine
      • Posterior pituitary gland
        • Oxytocin
          • Contrations
      • Hormones
        • Directly into the blood
    • Exocrine
      • Secretes substances into ducts
        • Carries to another part
      • Salivary gland
    • Target tissue
      • Specific receptors
        • Binds/slots
      • Alter shape
    • Mammalian hormones
      • Usually small
      • Catecholamine
      • Steorid
        • Cytoplasm
      • Polypetide
      • Protein
      • Small amounts
        • Large affects
      • Short lived
      • Receptors
        • Plasma membrane
        • Cytoplasm
    • Messengers
      • First messenger
        • Adrenaline
      • Second messenger
        • Cyclic AMP
      • Different affects on different cells
    • The pancreas
      • Pancreatic juice
        • Amylase
        • Lipase
        • Trypsin
    • Controlling blood glucose
      • Carbohydrate transported as glucose
        • Store as glycogen
          • Liver and muscle cells
      • Islets of langerhans
        • Alpha
          • Glucagon
          • Too low
        • Beta
          • Insulin
          • Too high
      • Transporter proteins
        • GLUT4
      • Negative feeback
        • Receptors
        • Effectors
    • Controlling insulin
      • Not fully understood
      • Beta cells
        • Channels
          • Potassium
            • 2K+ out
            • ATP sensitive
              • Close
                • Electrical potential differnce
          • Calcium
            • 3Ca+ in
            • Open
              • Electrical potential differnce
              • Vesicle of insulin exocytosis
    • Diabetes mellitus
      • Glucose control impaired
      • Type 1
        • Insulin-dependant
          • Insufficient amounts of insulin
      • Type 2
        • Non-insulin-dependant
          • In adequate response
        • Later life
      • Risk factors
        • Apple shaped
        • High BMI
        • Obesity
        • Genetics
      • Treatment
        • No cure
        • GM insulin
          • Moral
          • Cost
          • Rejection
        • Precursor cells in the pancreas
      • Symptoms
        • Hypoglycaemia
          • Low
        • Hyperglycaemia
          • High
          • Ketoacidosis
        • Excreted in the urine
        • Can be unrecognised
    • Controlling heart rate
      • SAN
        • Pacemaker
      • Parasympathetic nerve
        • Decrease
      • Sympathetic nerve
        • Increase
        • Noradrenaline
      • Vagus nerve
  • Symptoms
    • Hypoglycaemia
      • Low
    • Hyperglycaemia
      • High
      • Ketoacidosis
    • Excreted in the urine
    • Can be unrecognised

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