groups displays as an adaptive response to aggression
- Created by: Hannah Jeffery
- Created on: 02-03-15 10:42
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- Group display as an adaptive response
- Sports
- Wilson claims that 'Xenophobia' has been selected by natural selection
- those who are fearful of strangers are protected and pass on their genes
- xenophobic tendencies in football crowds
- many sports fans act as a close knit collective, with a hatred of opposition fans
- victory brings glory to fans
- territorial
- aggression Is he response to an invasion of ones territory
- New Zealand rugby team do the 'Haka' to intimidate opponents
- evolutionary
- allows us to defend valuable resources associated with our territory
- increase in testosterone
- neave and wolfson
- teams playing at home were more likely to win due to a surge of testosterone
- goalkeepers have the burden of defending their territory more and also have highest levels of testosterone
- neave and wolfson
- de-individuation
- camera's at half time pointing to people in the crowd decreased violence
- real life application
- This research has helped sporting clubs to take steps to reduce xenophobia and therefore aggression
- German clubs played with a slogan on their shirts which translates as “My Friend is a Foreigner”,
- Wilson claims that 'Xenophobia' has been selected by natural selection
- Warfare
- warfare is dangerous and costly and so its difficult to see why an organism would participate in it
- therefore there must be adaptive benefits for the individual and their offspring
- Benefits of aggressive displays
- sexual selection
- to ensure their genes are passed on they must compete with other men for the females attention
- aggression shows that they will protect them and there offspring
- divale and harris
- aggression shows that they will protect them and there offspring
- Chagnon found that male warriors in traditional societies have more female partners
- suggests a reproductive benefit
- Palmer and Tiley
- young street gang memebers have more females partners than normal young males
- to ensure their genes are passed on they must compete with other men for the females attention
- Acquisition of status
- displays of ferocity and aggressiveness would lead to peers respecting them and more likely to cooperate at a team
- By working as a team they can protect their group successfully from threats
- sexual selection
- costs
- signals of commitment
- scars and mutilation show a commitment to the group
- by taking part in these displays individuals demonstrate loyalty to the group
- minimising the likelihood of deflection
- during battle each individual is concerned about their well being
- by being concerned for the group the well being of the group is more important than the individual
- also less likely to abscond to another group
- thorpe
- also less likely to abscond to another group
- signals of commitment
- gender bias
- don't adequately reflect behaviour of women
- admas claim that there is no idea of warrior women
- Camillia in the Aeneid
- women have more to lose in terms of reproductive success
- limited as it cant be generalised to women
- warfare is dangerous and costly and so its difficult to see why an organism would participate in it
- Limitations of evolutionary approach
- only based on mating success, status or commitment to group
- Watson believes it could be di de-individuation
- Sports
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