Goldstein (1988)
A detailed mind map including aims, procedure, sample, findings and conclusions of Goldstein's 1988 study.
- Created by: Chelsea Russell
- Created on: 21-04-13 15:23
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- Goldstein (1988)
- 'Gender differences in the course of schizophrenia'
- Looked at schizophrenic patients in the early stages of the disorder and were followed for 10 years.
- Those chosen had a hospital diagnosis of schizophrenia on admission and on discharge, had a hospital stay of less than six months, expected to return to their families, had no other mental health issues and no drug or alcohol misuse.
- Data was collected at a private psychiatric hospital in New York.
- The study aimed to test the reliability and validity of the DSM and differences in the DSM-II and DSM-III.
- The study aimed to see gender differences in the course of schizophrenia
- The study also aimed to consider social factors before diagnosis to see if they had an impact on the course of the disorder in regards to gender.
- Looking at number of rehospitalisations and length of stay.
- The study aimed to see gender differences in the course of schizophrenia
- Patients aged between 18 and 45.
- Patients did not differ much in social class, age or education however their job status did with more women in white collar jobs and employed.
- Patients were rediagnosed using the DSM-III, hospital records were used for the rediagnosis and a single blind technique was used.
- Goldstein also carried out a rediagnosis and two experts carried out a rediagnosis of a random sample (4 men and 4 women).
- A 0.80 agreement rate was found showing that the DSM-III provides an accurate and reliable diagnosis.
- Premorbid functioning was measured by a questionnairedealing with isolation, peer relationships and interests from the ages of 6-13 and 14-20 giving an overall rating.
- Symptoms were rated by trained interviewers using specially developed questions.
- A 0.80 agreement rate was found showing that the DSM-III provides an accurate and reliable diagnosis.
- Information was gathered about symptoms, premorbid functioning and the course of illness using interviews and questionnaires.
- Course of the illness was operationalised by the number of re-admissions and length of stays in hospital over a 10 year period.
- Goldstein also carried out a rediagnosis and two experts carried out a rediagnosis of a random sample (4 men and 4 women).
- The study looked at first time admissions and those who had one previous hospitalisation - 90.
- Schizophrenic women had a lower mean number of re-admissions to hospital and shorter stays in hospital.
- Men had an average of 2.24 re-admissions over 10 years in comparison to 1.12 admissions for women.
- Men also had an average hospital stay of 417 days over 10 years, compared to 206 for women.
- It was found that 13% of the gender effect was due to premorbid functioning in terms of re-hospitalisation
- Men also had an average hospital stay of 417 days over 10 years, compared to 206 for women.
- Men had an average of 2.24 re-admissions over 10 years in comparison to 1.12 admissions for women.
- Females with schizophrenia experienced fewer re-admissions and shorter lengths of stay over a 5 and 10 year period than males.
- The gender difference was strong enough even when the DSM-III was used
- Gender differences seemed to start early in the disorder.
- The study suggests that males have poorer outcomes than females.
- The gender difference was strong enough even when the DSM-III was used
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