GCSE BIOLOGY - ORGANISATION - enzymes
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- Created on: 26-10-18 09:53
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- GCSE BIOLOGY - digestive enzymes
- enzymes are biological catalysts
- speed up reactions and are not used up in them
- they break down large, complex and insoluble molecules into small, simple and soluble molecules
- human digestive enzymes
- carbohydrase
- substrate: carbs
- product: sugars
- location: mouth, pancreas, small intestine
- protease
- substrate: proteins
- product: amino acids
- location: stomach, pancreas, small intestine
- lipease
- substrate: lipids
- product: fatty acids and glycerol
- location: pancreas, small intestine
- carbohydrase
- bile
- bile is NOT an enzyme
- it is an EMULSIFIER
- it breaks down large globules of fat into smaller ones
- this increases the surface area for lipase to work on and therefore speeds up digestion
- it breaks down large globules of fat into smaller ones
- it is an EMULSIFIER
- bile is an alkaline substance
- it neutralises any excess stomach acid at the beginning of the small intestine
- this provides enzymes in the small intestine with their optimum pH
- it neutralises any excess stomach acid at the beginning of the small intestine
- bile is NOT an enzyme
- the lock and key theory
- the active site
- active site of the enzyme is complimentary to the substrate
- at the optimum pH and temp, the enzyme and substrate fit perfectly together
- the shape of the active site changes when we move away from the optimum temp
- the active site become denatured and enzyme rate of reaction decreases
- denatured means a permanent change to an enzyme as a result of extremes of pH and temp that stop it working
- the active site become denatured and enzyme rate of reaction decreases
- the active site is the region of an enzyme that binds it to its substrate
- active site of the enzyme is complimentary to the substrate
- the active site
- enzyme rate of reaction
- factors affecting enzyme reaction
- temperature
- optimum
- pH
- optimum
- substrate and/or enzyme concentration
- high concentration
- pH
- surface area
- more area for enzymes to digest
- results in more collisions, more enzyme-substrate complexes formed, more product formed in the same amount of time
- high concentration
- optimum
- results in more collisions, more enzyme-substrate complexes formed, more product formed in the same amount of time
- more area for enzymes to digest
- temperature
- factors affecting enzyme reaction
- enzymes are made of amino acids
- a chain of amino acids twist together to form a 3D structure
- enzymes are biological catalysts
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