Forces Revision

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  • Vectors and Scalars
    • Displacement=Distance in on paticular direction
    • Forces
      • Contact and Non-Contact Forces
        • Contact Forces are forces that require two objects to touch to feel a force.
          • Examples:  Friction/Tension/Air resistance/thrust
        • Non Contact Forces are when two objects don't need to touch each other to feel a force.
          • Examples:  Magnetism/static electricity/gravity
        • Equal and Opposite forces
          • Forces always come in pairs.
          • The pair of forces are always equal
          • The forces are in opposite directions
        • Newton's Third Law
          • When objects interact, they create equal and opposite forces.
            • The forces are the same size in opposite directions
        • Resultant Force
          • The overall force on a point or object.
          • Adding the forces in the same direction. Subtracting the ones in the opposite direction
      • Work Done
        • The work is equal to the energy transferred to the object
        • Wet Foxes Stink
          • W=f*s
            • W=Work Done. f=force. s=Distance
        • Balanced Forces
          • Zero Resultant Force
          • NO change is direction or speed
            • They either have a steady speed/same direction/stationary
        • Unbalanced Forces
          • Resultant force is bigger than zero
          • Speed changes or direction changes
      • Parallelogram and Resolution of Forces
        • Resolution of force
          • The process of splitting up a force into a number of components without changing the effect of the force
        • Parallelograms
          • You can find the resultant force
            • 1)draw an angle. 2)open the compass to the length of the shorter side. 3)Draw an arc using this length from the longer side. 4)open the compass to the size of the longer length. 5)Draw an arc from the shorter line. 6) Draw the rest of the parallelogram 7) the middle line from the corner of the parallelogram is the resultant force.
      • Gravity and Centre of Mass
        • Centre of Mass
          • A single point on an object where all the weight of an object is seemingly coming from.
          • For a symmetrical object, the centre of mass is along the centre of symmetry.
          • Practical Method: 1)set up equipment, cut out some shapes. 2)hole punch the edges of the shape and hang them on the suspension. 3)once the shape and string have settled, draw a line on the shape following the string. 4)continue for all the holes 5)where the lines meet, that's the centre of mass
        • Gravity
          • Weight is the force acting on an object due to gravity
          • The gravity close to Earth is due to the gravitational field strength  around the Earth.
          • Weight=Mass x Gravitational Field strength.
            • N=kg x N/kg
            • Worms Munch Garbage
      • Stretching of a Spring
        • Hooke's Law
          • F=k x e
          • Force (N)=Spring Constant (N/m) x extension(m)
          • French Kangaroos Exist
        • REQUIRED PRACTICAL                  1)Set up the equipment. 2)Measure the length of the spring before stretching. 3) Add a mass to the spring and allow it to rest before recording the length of the spring. 4) Continue this process, adding more masses. 5)plot results on the a graph, it should be linear unless you've exceeded the limit of proportionality
          • The limit of proportionality is the point where the extension is not proportional anymore.
        • Proportional means that every time you add 1N of force, the spring stretches the same amount.
      • Forces and Elasticity
        • Elastic Potential Energy= 0.5 x spring constant x (extension x extension)
          • J= 0.5 X N/m X (mXm)
        • The spring constant is the same throughout the graph unless you exceed the limit of proportionality
        • Extension= New Length - Original Length
    • Vectors are anything we can measure that has a direction.
      • Examples: Displacement/Velocity(speed in a certain direction)/ Acceleration/Force
      • Vector quantities have magnitude and a specific direction
    • Scalars are anything that can be measured without a direction.
      • Examples:  Distance/Speed/Temperature/Mass
      • They have size or magnitude. NO DIRECTION SPECIFIED.
    • Scale Diagrams are used to show vectors
      • The magnitude of the vector is length of the arrow.
        • The direction of the arrow is the direction of the vector.

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