Feature article on attitudes to language change
- Created by: IrvineSessions
- Created on: 07-05-18 18:09
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- Feature article on attitudes towards Language change
- David Crystal
- All living languages change because of the people that use them, the only languages that don't change are dead ones
- Crystal is a descriptivist
- External factors of language change
- Migration (the movement of people)
- Expansion of the British empire
- War/ invasion
- Norman invasion
- Anglo Saxons
- Politics
- Science and Technology
- New inventions call for new words
- Trade/ working practices
- Migration (the movement of people)
- Influence of other countries
- 70% of English Language is made up of borrowed words
- Legal lexis (made up of French and Latin words)
- Examples: Pyjamas (Indian) and Parliament and court (French)
- Influence of the emerging youth culture
- Difference youth subcultures
- Increased use of abbreviations
- Slang
- Functional Theory
- Language changes to suit the needs of its users
- Random Fluctuation Theory
- Suggests that language change is less logic
- can happen by accident (e.g. through a typo - pwned)
- Suggests that language change is less logic
- Technology
- CMC (computer mediated communication)
- Acronyms and Initialism have been brought about by language change
- Through the invention of the mobile phone and text messaging
- Keith Chen's S Curve model
- New word increases in use
- before rapidly taking off
- New word increases in use
- Wave model
- Shows the spread of language change
- New word starts off in the middle and gradually begins to spread
- Rippling effect (Ripples in a pond)
- Grammatical change
- Inflections are no longer needed to determine the meaning of certain words
- as a result, they have fallen out of use
- Inflections are no longer needed to determine the meaning of certain words
- Jean Aitchinson's metaphors
- Not an expression of her own views
- Reflect negative attitudes towards change
- Crumbling castle
- Suggests that language was once perfect at one point or another
- Infectious disease
- suggests that change has corrupted/ polluted the English language
- Damp Spoon
- Not an expression of her own views
- Phonological changes
- The Great Vowel Shift
- Increased use of Uptalk (interrogative statement) and Vocal fry (sounding huskier)
- Neologisms
- Blends (jeggings)
- Compounds (cyber-bullying)
- Coinages
- Semantic change
- Amelioration (develops a more positive meaning)
- Narrowing (Not used generally)
- Pejoration (develops a more negative meaning)
- Broadening (Broader meaning)
- Language reform
- Political correctness
- Standardisation (East midlands accent)
- Codification
- Samual Johnson's Dictionary 1755
- Institutions of language
- The Plain English Campaign
- L'academie francaise
- David Crystal
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