FAH - T5 - CHANGING FAMILY PATTERNS
- Created by: missamy11211
- Created on: 09-06-17 18:47
View mindmap
- FAH - T5 - Changing family patterns
- Divorce
- 40% of all marriages end in divorce. 65% of requests come from women
- biggest risk couples: marry young, kid or cohabit before marriage
- Explanations for increase
- 1 changes in law
- divorce difficult to obtain in 19th century.
- Rise with each change: equalising of grounds + widening the grounds + cheaper divorce
- changes in law do not explain why people take advantage of this
- Rise with each change: equalising of grounds + widening the grounds + cheaper divorce
- divorce difficult to obtain in 19th century.
- 2. declining stigma/changing attitudes
- more socially acceptable - divorce = normalised. Seen as misfortune
- 3 secularisation
- Religious institutions losing influence -people less influenced by religion and church opposite to church doesn't count
- churches soften views on divorce to not lose credibility
- Religious institutions losing influence -people less influenced by religion and church opposite to church doesn't count
- 4 Fletcher: rising expectations of marriage
- Fletcher: high expectations means less people tolerate issues - search for true love is renewed by divorce
- Fletcher: although many divorces, many re-marry - do not reject marriage itself
- Femninist: rosy view - ignores why women file more than men. Conflict causes divorce
- Fletcher: although many divorces, many re-marry - do not reject marriage itself
- Fletcher: high expectations means less people tolerate issues - search for true love is renewed by divorce
- 5 women increased financial dependence
- Success in education, welfare benefits, anti discrimination laws make women less financially dependent on men and can end unsatisfactory marriage
- 6 Feminist expl.
- Hoschild - home valued less than work = frustration = divorce
- dual burden leading to conflict - men benefit from women free work = divorce
- Hoschild - home valued less than work = frustration = divorce
- 7 modernity+ individualisation
- 1 changes in law
- Meaning of high divorce rate
- New Right: creates growing underclass of single mothers
- Feminist: women breaking free from patriarchy
- Post-modernists - individual have freedom of choice
- Functionalist: no threat - still high marriage rate too
- Personal life: normalised divorce = transition in life
- Partnerships
- Marriage
- reasons for changing patterns
- changing attitudes: less pressure to marry - value on relationship status
- secularisation: feel free to not marry
- less likely to marry in church
- decining stigma: cohabitation acceptable
- fear of divorce: rising rate puts people off
- age: young people gaiin education before marrying
- few people marrying - more remarrying. Average age = 30 for women 32 for men - marry later
- reasons for changing patterns
- Cohabitation
- reasons for changing patterns
- decline in stigma: sex outside marriage is okay
- increased career opportunities for women: less need for secure marriage
- secularisation: young people with no religion are more likely to cohabit
- relationship between cohaitation and marriage
- Cheser: cohabiting = part of process to marriage. Coast - 75% cohabiting expect to marry
- Bejiin: for young: cohabiting = permanent alternative - to create equality
- Cheser: cohabiting = part of process to marriage. Coast - 75% cohabiting expect to marry
- = unmarried couple livng together. 1/5 = serial cohabitants - have done before
- reasons for changing patterns
- Stonewall Same sex relationships
- = 5-7% of adult pop. Stigma in past meant hidden - cannot tell if increased stat
- increased social acceptance: Civil Partnership Act 2014: same sex can marry. Treated equally
- = 5-7% of adult pop. Stigma in past meant hidden - cannot tell if increased stat
- One person households
- 3 iin 10 = lone households. Men under 65 most likely
- Reasons for: increase in divorce - men leave home. + More people desire to live alone
- some alone because of lack of partners in age group
- Duncan and Phillip: Living Apart Together -
- LAT = relationship but no marriage or cohabiting
- choice and constraint play part - some cannot afford to + some choose not to - maintain independence
- Marriage
- Parents and children
- Childbearing
- 1/2 children born outside marriage but in cohabiting parents
- more women remaining childless or having children later - avg/ age = 28
- Reasons for changes: decline in stigma, only 28% of 25-34 yr old think marriage before children
- women can have careers before family
- Lone parent families
- 1/4 child lone parent family. 2x more likely to be in poverty.
- Reasons for patterns: increase in divorce - mother custody. Female expressive role + men less willing to give up work for kids.
- Renvoize: professional women single by CHOICE and can support child alone
- Murray: (new right) - growth results from welfare state incentive for girls - causes irresponsible sex and dependency. Solution = banish welfare benefits to reduce dependency culture
- benefits not generous. W/C more likely to be in poverty - lack of affordable childcare prevents lone parents from working.
- fathers fail to pay maintenance
- Step-famiilies
- 10% of families in UK. 85% women's past relationship child, 11% men, 4%both
- Reasons for patterns: divorce causes remarriage = step-families.
- children remain with mother - 85%
- more poverty - more children to support
- Childbearing
- Ethnic differences in fam.patterns
- Black African have higher proportion of lone parent households. High rate traced back to female slavery + high unemployment rates of black males
- mothers stay with children from slavery + men cannot provide for family = divorce
- Mirza: higher rate reflects black women's independence
- Asian families: average 4.2 per household, 2.4 for black and white households
- high value on extended fam - for assistance and support when migrating. Migrants during 50's and 60's. require visits and nearby relatives
- Black African have higher proportion of lone parent households. High rate traced back to female slavery + high unemployment rates of black males
- Extended family today
- Wilmott: extended family all over world maintain contact through technology
- Chamberlain: E.F survives geographicial dispersion because it serves members needs of kinship support.
- Brannen: Beanpole family: long and thin, many generations upwards but not extended (cousins, etc). Decline in sibling closeness supports study of beanpole.
- Result of increased life expectancy - more parents surviving. Smaller famiilies = less siblings
- Mason: many obliged to care for families - females more so, financial support.
- important to prodivde support. Different to Parson family obligated to help, extended family = called on in time of need.
- Wilmott: extended family all over world maintain contact through technology
- Divorce
Comments
No comments have yet been made