Facial Expressions & Cues
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- Created on: 23-04-15 16:37
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- Facial Expressions & Cues
- Face to Face communication involves: facial expressions, gaze, lip reading & paralanguage
- Darwin (1872)
- The universality of emotional expressions and the interpretation of both facial and bodily emotional expressions.
- Animal studies supporting
Darwin’s claim
- Parr & Heintz, 2009: Rhesus monkeys are able to match two faces of monkeys expressing the same expression even if the identify of the posers are different
- da Costa et al., 2004: Sheep preferred to look at both sheep and human faces displaying a positive emotion, rather than a negative emotion
- Paul Ekman
- New Guineans showed high agreement with those in literate cultures: Happines-92 Anger-84%- Disgust-81% Sadness79% Surprise-68%
- The processing of facial emotional expressions is universal across cultures
- A
number of ‘basic’ emotions that are universal (Ekman and Izard): •Happiness
•Sadness
•Anger
•Disgust
•Fear
•Surprise
(Fear and surprise can be confused
among
some cultures)
- •Happiness
recognised most accurately across cultures, while anger less recognised (Ekman,
1972).
- Categorical Perception: Classifying emotional expressions into categories rather than perceiving them as a mixture of different emotions
- Morphed happiness most easily recognised
- Categorical Perception: Classifying emotional expressions into categories rather than perceiving them as a mixture of different emotions
- •Happiness
recognised most accurately across cultures, while anger less recognised (Ekman,
1972).
- key research questions (1) the universality of emotions (2)Are there universal ‘basic’ emotions?
- Gaze & Eye Contact
- A number of functions (Kleinke 1986) : 1. Regulating turn taking 2. Expressing intimacy 3. Exercising social control 4. Facilitating service and task goals
- The perception of gaze is a fundamental building block of human capacity to understand others’ mental states.
- Averting Gaze can be cognitively advantageous :A college student study (Glenberg, Schroeder, & Robertson, 1998). •Performance on moderately difficult questions better when the eyes closed than fixed.
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