EXTREME environments -rainforests

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  • Created by: 12cpar01
  • Created on: 14-11-16 16:55
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  • extreme environments RAINFOREST
    • threats
      • flooding
        • removing trees also removes the natural flood barrier
      • logging
        • the main cause of desertification
          • most of it is illegal
      • agriculture
        • removing trees to plant crops suchas palm oil
      • ranching
        • cutting down trees to make way for cattle ranches
      • roads
        • used to get the logs out
      • population
        • growing population=more housing needed
      • hydro electric power
        • using water from a river to create cheap energy
          • have to cut down trees first
      • debt
        • Brazil is in great debt because of its poor economic choices
      • infastructure
        • lighting, roads, power used to work in the rainforest
      • mining
        • cur down trees to dig for coal, oil and gold as well as diamonds
    • management
      • national parks
        • a protected area of land
          • no development allowed
          • can never loose its status
      • national forest policy
        • set up inn 1977
          • teaches the local community the importance of the forest
          • stops them cutting down trees
      • selective management
        • 2 years before felling=  research
          • 1 year before=mark trees
            • felling
              • 3-6 months after research best trees to replace it with
                • 5-10 years later replant trees
                  • 30-40 years later = replant trees
        • if people do not do this, it is illegal logging
      • eco tourism
        • making money whilst using the land in a responsible and sustainable way
    • rainforest structure
      • emergent trees
        • 100% sunlight
        • tallest trees
      • canopy
        • 75% sunlight
          • drip tips
      • under canopy
        • 50% sunlight
          • vines
      • shrub layers
        • 25% sunlight
          • shrubs
    • case study and adaptations
      • adaptations
        • plant
          • big leaves=more sunlight +more water
          • strong short roots
          • tall plants=more sunlight
        • animal
          • camouflage = avoids predators
          • hunt at night
          • climb trees
      • case study= brazil
        • 96% of tribal groups lost
        • deforestation rates increased by 26% since 1960
        • 1/3 of all species found in rainforest
        • high poverty levels
        • 1/3 of world's oxygen in forest
    • why are they hot and wet?
      • hot
        • low latitude 5 to 15 degrees
          • but mainly along to equator
        • small surface area to heat
        • atmosphere is thin
          • solar ray's are more concentrated
      • wet
        • warm air rises so condensation clouds form
          • Hadley cell
        • prevailing winds
          • brings moisture from ocean leading to rain
        • convectional rainfall
          • warm air rises
            • forms clouds
              • rain
    • location
      • 5 to 23.5 degrees North and south of equartor
      • most of the rainforests are in south America and indonesia

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