Explanations for schizophrenia
- Created by: __Jess
- Created on: 08-02-23 19:27
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- Schizophrenia explanations
- Biological explanations
- Genetic
- Family studies
- Risk of schizophrenia increases if a relative has it
- Gottesman 1991
- MZ twins have a concordance rate of 48%
- DZ twins have a concordance rate of 17%
- Candidate genes
- Schizophrenia is polygenic and aetiologically heterogenous
- Ripke et al 2014
- Meta-analysis of genome-wide studies of schizophrenia
- Found 108 genetic variations that were associated with increased risk of schizophrenia
- Family studies
- Neural
- Dopamine hypothesis
- Hyperdopaminergia
- Too much dopamine in the subcortex
- Explains symptoms like speech poverty and auditory hallucinations
- Seeman 1987
- Too much dopamine in the subcortex
- Hypodopaminergia
- Abnormally low levels of dopamine in the cortex
- May cause negative symptoms
- Hypodopaminergia in the cortex may cause hyperdopaminergia in the subcortex
- Davis et al 1991
- Genetic variations and stressful early experiences may make people more vulnerable to it
- Howes et al 2017
- Abnormally low levels of dopamine in the cortex
- Hyperdopaminergia
- Dopamine hypothesis
- Genetic
- Psychological explanations
- Family dysfunction
- The schizophrenogenic mother
- Cold, rejecting and controlling mother causes tension and secrecy
- This leads to paranoid delusions and ultimately schizophrenia
- Frieda Fromm-Reichmann 1948
- Psychodynamic explanation
- Cold, rejecting and controlling mother causes tension and secrecy
- Double-bind theory
- When a child is given mixed messages on how they should behave, and are punished by withdrawal of love
- Causes disorganised thinking and paranoid delusions
- Bateson et al 1972
- When a child is given mixed messages on how they should behave, and are punished by withdrawal of love
- Expressed emotion
- Verbal criticism of the person
- Hostility, including anger and rejection
- Emotional overinvolvement in the person's life
- Causes relapse
- The stress of this can cause schizophrenia due to the diathesis stress model
- Risk factors for schizophrenia, not causes
- The schizophrenogenic mother
- Cognitive explanations
- Dysfunctional thinking
- Reduced thought processing in the ventral striatum causes negative symptoms
- Reduced information processing in the temporal and cingulate gyri causes hallucinations
- Simon et al 2015
- Frith et al 1992
- Metarepresentation dysfunction
- Disrupts the ability to recognise our own actions and thoughts as our own, instead of someone elses
- Explains hallucinations and delusions like thought insertion
- Central control dysfunction
- Inability to suppress automatic thoughts and speech triggered by other thoughts
- Explains speech poverty and disorder of thoughts
- Inability to suppress automatic thoughts and speech triggered by other thoughts
- Metarepresentation dysfunction
- Dysfunctional thinking
- Family dysfunction
- Biological explanations
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