Chemistry AS ES CI 15.1 - 15.7
- Created by: A.B.
- Created on: 19-02-14 13:34
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- ES Greener Industry CI 15.1 - 15.7
- Batch process or continuous process?
- A chemical plant is the name given to a place where chemicals are manufactured.
- 1. Feedstock
- 2. Feedstock preparation
- 3. Reaction
- 4. Separation
- 5. Products
- 5. Co-products
- Recycle loop
- 3. Reaction
- 4. Separation
- 5. Products
- 5. Co-products
- Recycle loop
- 4. Separation
- 3. Reaction
- 4. Separation
- 3. Reaction
- 2. Feedstock preparation
- 1. Feedstock
- BATCH = reactants placed in reaction vessel and allowed to react. Once over, products are removed and vessel is cleaned and new batch started.
- ADVANTAGES
- cost effective of small quantities
- low capital costs for plant
- different products can be made using the same vessel
- DISADVANTAGES
- filling, emptying and cleaning reaction vessel is time consuming
- May require larger workforce
- Contamination possible if making different products
- ADVANTAGES
- CONTINUOUS = reactants regularly fed into one end and product emerges at other
- ADVANTAGES
- suited to high-tonnage products
- can operate for months at a time without a shut-down
- more easily automated, so workforce can be smaller
- DISADVANTAGES
- less flexible - usually designed to make one product
- Much higher capital costs in building the plant
- Not cost effective if run below full capacity
- ADVANTAGES
- A chemical plant is the name given to a place where chemicals are manufactured.
- Raw Materials
- Materials that feedstocks are prepared from
- co products are produced at the same time as the desired product via the same reaction, can be sold to generate further profits for the manufacturer.
- by products - result of unwanted side reactions
- Costs and efficiency
- Fixed costs are the same irrespective of how much product is made
- Variable costs depend on the amount of product manufactured
- Efficiency of a chemical process depends on conditions and recycling
- Health and Safety
- Plant location
- A good transport network
- Labour (near existing ones because of the availability of skilled labour)
- Shared facilities (product from one plant may be the feedstock for another)
- Cheap energy
- Water
- Waste disposal
- Chemical waste must be treated
- Percentage yield and atom economy
- Batch process or continuous process?
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