Enzymes

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  • Topic 3
    • Characteristics of enzymes
      • Optimum Temperature range
        • Work best at 40 degrees
      • Optimum pH in stomach and small intestine
        • Enzymes in the stomach like low pH's
        • Enzymes in the small enzyme like high pH's
      • Concentration of enzymes and substrates
        • If the concentration of enzymes or substrates increase the rate of reaction does too
      • Have a tertiary protein structure
      • They have an active site complimentary to a specific substrate
        • This form an enzyme-substrate complex
        • Active sites can be modified slightly to fit the substrate
      • Biological catalysts that lower activation energy and doesn't get involved in the chemical reactions
    • Enzyme denature
      • enzymes permanently denature when their environment is to acidic or alkaline or it too hot or cold
      • Occurs when we are sick and enzymes are no longer able to carry out their function
    • Competitive inhibitors
      • They have a similar shape to the substrate and bind to the active site but no reactions occur
      • If the substrate cant bind to the enzyme the rate of reaction slows down
    • Non-competitive inhibitors
      • Allosteric sites allow the inhibitors to bind to the enzyme
      • The non-competitive inhibitors cause the enzyme to change its shape
        • This causes the substrate to be unable to bind to the enzyme

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