Development of Company rule in India 1800-1857
- Created by: WgouldUk
- Created on: 11-03-17 13:09
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- Development of the Indian Colonies 1800-1857
- Growth of the company territory
- Due to the army’s strength and professionalism, by 1800 the company territory had grown to 243,000km
- 1829-1853 the Company fought campaigns in North West & Afghanistan as was fearful of a Russian invasion
- 1823-1826 the company army had annexed Assam, Manipur and Cacher
- First Afghan war 1838 was a disaster - 20,000 killed, total cost= £15 million
- 1843- Sind was annexed
- 1849- Punjab finally annexed due to Sikh support
- 1856- Dalhousie annexed Awadh under the doctrine of lapse and paramountcy
- Growing importance of Bengal
- Was the most important president
- It’s general governor, at Fort William, had control over the governing board and all presidencies
- Annexation of Bengal led to start of territory expansion
- The administrative section was set up in Bengal by Lord Cornwallis and Code of Regulations became the framework for Indian governing
- Collectors of tax were supported by the Board of Revenue -located in Calcutta
- Until 1911, Calcutta was the capital of British India
- Army of Bengal was twice the size of the other 2 armies
- The Bengal presidency army was recruited from the higher castes- from other princely states
- Development of the company army
- 1820- 200,000 soldiers- majority were sepoys of upper Brahmin Caste
- Ratio of sepoys to whites = 9:1
- 1857- 277,000 soldiers, 45,000 Europeans were recruited
- Company army ensured that local rulers signed treaties with the company to protect themselves against other local rulers or self-preservation in the face of British military superiority
- Army supported Company’s tax collection and administrative roles
- Development of Utilitarianism
- Utilitarianism= philosophy that governing should ensure the greatest happiness for the greatest number
- Utilitarian thought formed the basis for significant social reform in 19th C Britain
- Had led to education reform, prison reform and the abolition of child labour under 12
- Most associated with Jeremy Bentham
- Governor Bentinck sought to promote utilitarianism in India - stated that"he'd govern in name, but would lead it to the Indians to govern in fact"
- Counter argument: development of authority rule
- John Stuart Mill
- Whilst a supporter of utilitarianism, he argued that people could not have liberty if they were uneducated and uneligntened
- Claimed that authority rule is justified as long as it is used to improve people's ability to grasp the concept of liberty and democracy
- John Stuart Mill
- Growth of the company territory
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