Cubism
- Created by: epearce1998
- Created on: 30-05-17 14:52
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- Cubism
- Intro Points
- 1908-1914, shift to abstract and conceptual
- Showed what an artist knew about an object as well as saw
- Coined by Louis Vauxcelle- like 'little cubes'
- Term more widely used after 'On Cubism' by Gleizes and Metzinger
- Rejection of techniques of optical realism and perspective illusionism
- Influence of 'primitive' forms - Tracadero Museum and Louvre collections of African/ Iberian art
- Analytical Cubism- many views of object presented simultaneously
- Synthetic Cubism- objects simply denoted as signs/emblems, oval frames, ready made
- Orphism- more sensuous/ colourful, showing modernity
- Synthetic Cubism- objects simply denoted as signs/emblems, oval frames, ready made
- 1908-1914, shift to abstract and conceptual
- Picasso 'Les Demoiselles de Avignon' (1907)
- Description
- Five nude women stare confrontationally at viewer
- Sensual, but not passive, cannot be voyeuristic
- Mask-like faces, animalistic
- Traditional odalisque poses, but one on right in explicit pose
- Viewpoints shift- unclear if viewing from above or behind, rejected perspective
- Flat forms, lack of tonal gradation segmented ugly parts
- Angular- against tradition of curvy nude
- Still life in foreground - phallic melon
- Primitive Sculpture
- Middle two- influence of Iberian (ancient Spanish) sculpture
- Simplistic, rounded faces, lozenge shaped eyes, scrolled ear, triangle nose
- Picasso's nationalism- toured Spain
- Exhibition at Louvre at time, Picasso acquired a stolen sculpture
- Primitive African sculpture in right figures
- Abstracted proportions, traditional squat
- Trocadero collection - 'it was disgusting..masks were magical things'
- Collected African art
- African folklore said masks protected from STDs
- Gauguin- Introspective in Paris 1906
- European supremacy- saw it as lesser art
- Denied influence: 'African art, never heard of it'
- Middle two- influence of Iberian (ancient Spanish) sculpture
- Other Influences
- Misogyny from troubled relationship with Fernande Oliver
- Fear of STDs- may have caught syphilis in Barcelona in 1902
- Sketches had man holding skull- memento mori
- Ingres' 'Turkish Baths' in Paris 1905, exotic woman from behind
- Squat may also reference Cezanne's bathers
- Still a Classicism- nude gone full circle from goddess to ugly
- Leo Stein: 'philosophical brothel'- stripped of mean
- Transitory- after red and blue periods
- Description
- Picasso 'Man with a Pipe' (1911-12)
- Analytical Cubism
- Developed by Picasso and Braque 1912
- Shape and form to represent whole object
- Views presented simultaneously in kaleidoscope of line and colour
- 'Analytic' came from Kahnweiler's 'Rise of Cubism' 1920
- Taking successive views around an object and juxtaposing them
- Also coined by Carl Eisenstein in 'Notes on Cubism'
- Use of lettering pre-empting Synthetic Cubism
- 'Forms which could not be distorted, because being themselves flat, they are not in space'
- Description
- Strong, rectilinear lines and forms, pyramidal composition
- Oval canvas, first use by Braque- rejects pictoral illusionism by being eye shaped
- Muted palette of greys, ochres and browns
- Use of lettering: EST - restaurant, AL - journal
- Has pipe, moustache, holding paper, circular forms representing bottom of sleeves
- Partly lit, gradation of tones
- Pronounced, firm brushstrokes
- Context
- Einstein's theory of relativity in 1905- time and space elastic and change in relation to observer
- Bergson's 'Matter and Memory' 1896 - consciousness accumulation of experience
- 1870-1910 massive technological change
- Artists looking for new ways to reflect modernity
- 'The world doesn't make sense so why should I paint pictures that do'
- Rejected that art should copy nature
- Rejection of perspective, modelling, foreshortening etc - emphasised 2D of canvas
- Analytical Cubism
- Braque 'Fruit Bowl and Glass' (1912)
- Synthetic Cubism
- More diverse and rich in manifestations
- Depicted in round
- Less fragmented, more symbolic, colourful and textural
- Simpler forms- move away from academic
- Focus on decorative
- Represented as symbols, signs, emblems
- Materials and Techniques
- Main subject matter sketched in charcoal, subordinate to surroundings
- Fake wood texture made by grained comb- applied sand and sawdust for texture
- Technique from being a painter decorator
- Faux bois applied and gouache on white paper board
- Collage technique connotes low culture
- Lettering in charcoal- printed version of reality
- Letters taken from newspapers in later pieces
- Physical projection from wood like relief sculpture
- Trompe l'oeil - realistic imagery to create optical illusion of 3D
- Ideas on Art
- Experimented with lithography, engraving and sculpture
- Trained in trompe l'oeil technique to create wood and marble textures
- Large charcoal drawing overlaps wallpaper
- Unsure whats foreground or background
- Braque making a pun about objects being in 2D and 3D at same time
- Unsure whats foreground or background
- Abstraction -essence of object rather than direct representation
- Papier colle technique created 1912
- Foreshadows modern art e.g. Pop Art
- Synthetic Cubism
- Picasso 'Glass of Absinthe' (1914)
- Description
- Absinthe spoon on top-iced water dripped over sugar cube
- Painted bronze - untraditional
- Uneven, tilts, voids and spaces, deformed
- Rings show how full glass is
- Context
- Associated with modern bohemian cafe life
- Absinthe popular drink in some circles, also very addictive
- Could be seen as the effects of absinthe- looks like a face
- Formalistic exercise representing intoxication
- Cubism challenging sculpture being representational
- 'You should have some idea what you are going to do but it should be a vague one'
- Ready-made- like a collage
- Painting shows return to medieval style and influence of Gauguin
- Princet's theories of geometry
- Poincake's theories of 4D geometry and experiences of sense
- Bergson's argument that reality is a flux of sensation
- Poincake's theories of 4D geometry and experiences of sense
- Associated with modern bohemian cafe life
- Description
- Intro Points
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