History of Art: Modernism, Paper 2

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What did the Dadaists want to express through their work?
their frustration and anger with the war
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Why was the name 'Dada' chosen?
to represent the nihilistic satire of an anti-establishment group of artists
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Where did the Dadaists first form and why?
Zurich, as Switzerland was a netutral country during WW1
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Where was the second Dadaist group formed?
New York
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What did the Dadaists reject?
rejected traditional values
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What did Franz Arp say which summed up their aims?
"We are seeking an art based on fundementals, to cure the madness of the age and create a new order of things that would balance between heaven and hell"
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What was the name of thhe club the Dadaists opened?
Cabaret Voltaire
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What did the Dadaist views consits of?
anarchy, anti-establishmentism and radicalism
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What were Dadaist sculptures called?
'ready-mades'
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What were Duchamp's readymades intentions and what did they represent?
To provoke the nature of art and to represent the iconoclastic nature of the Dadaist movement
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When was Futurism introduced to the world and by whom?
1909 by Fillipo Marinetti
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Where did the Futurist idea spread?
Throughout Europe, Italy, Czarist Russia and the United States.
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What were Marinetti's aims in particular?
he wanted to obliterate the past and the culture of the Italian past.
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What did the Futurists have a passion for?
speed, power, new machines and technology
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What was the overall aim of Futurism?
To convey the 'dynamism' of the industrial modern city
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When was the Futurist Manifesto published? and what did it declare?
1910. A growing need for truth
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What did the Futurists think artists needed to express?
'the vortex of modern life'
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Who and what did the Futurists borrow ideas from?
The Cubist's vocabulary of broken forms
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What did Henri Bergson belive?
The idea of flux or dynamic force
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What does the term 'surrealism' translate to?
'above real' or 'more than real'
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What poet what is launched by and on what date?
1924 by Andre Breton
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What pyschologist did the Surrealists take ideas from? and what did he believe?
Sigmund Freud and the idea of the analysis of dreams
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What was Surrealism a rebellion against?
middle-class complacency
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What were they also interested in?
the past, primitivim, the naiive and fantastical imagery
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When was the first exhibition of Surrealist paintings and where?
Paris 1925
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Who became one of the figureheads of the Surrealist movement?
Salvador Dali
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What typically did Surrealist imagery present?
Often outlandish, perplexing, and uncanny
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What is 'Luncheon in Fur' described as
"among the quintesssential Surrealist objects"
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What book did Dali read in the early 1920s?
'The Interpretation of Dreams'
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What was Henri Matisse known for?
his use of colour and fluid lines
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What theory did Matisse learn and through who?
colour theory. John Peter Russel
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What was Matisse influenced by?
art from other cultures; Asian art, North African art, Islamic art
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What did 'les Fauves' mean? and who said this
'wild beasts' Louis Vauxcelle in the 1905 Salon d'Automne in Paris.
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What was Matisse known as?
'favues de la fauves'/king of the fauves
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How is Fauvism characterized?
paintings expressed with emotion, wild, dissonant colour without regard for the subject's natural colours.
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Whar did the Fauvist movemenet stand for?
The lyrical use of colour to create an act of purity, balance, and serenity.
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What did Matisse think art should be like?
"something like a good armchair in which to rest"
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When did Cubism begin?
c.1907
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What famous critic commented on Cubism, and what did he say?
Louis Vauxcell described Braque's paintings of 1908 as "reducing everything to geometric outlines to cubes"
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What kind of art were Braque and Picasso inspired by?
'primitive' ideas
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What did Cubism focus on pushing?
The limits of geometric form, and an interest in multiple viewpoints.
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What artist inspired Cubism?
Paul Cezanne
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What are the four main types of Cubism?
Analytical Cubism. Synthetic Cubism. Orphic Cubism. Proto-Cubism
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How can analytical cubism be defined?
severe appearance, interweaving planes, lines in muted tones og blacks, hreys and a generally monochromatic colour scheme. 1908-1912
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How can synthetic cubism be defined?
later phase of cubism; 1912-14. Simpler shapes and brigher colours, lack of depth often included collaged real elements such as newspapers
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How can orphic Cubism be defined?
An offshoot of Cubism focused on pure abstraction and bright colours, influenced by Fauvism and the writings of Paul Signac
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How can proto-cubism be defined?
Early Cubism; depict objects in geomtetric forms or shapes, cubic, or conical shapes1906-1910
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What can German Expressionism be defined by?
emphasized the artist's inner feelings or ideas over replicating reality veristically
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What can German Expressionism be characterized by?
simplified shapes, bright colours, gestural marks and brushstrokes. Typically distorted colour, scale and space to convey feelings about experience.
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When did German Expressionism change and why?
1915 as a bitter protest movement.
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What were the two main groups of German Expressionists?
Die Brucke "the Bridge" in Dresden and Berlin. And Der Blaue Reiter 'The Blue Rider'
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What did German Expressionism react against?
the firm civility of bourgeois life.
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What other art movement ifluenced aspects of German Expressionism and why?
Fauvism, encouraged Kitchner to use areas of flat, unbroken unmodlated colour in simplified forms.
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What kinds of art did the German Expressionists combine?
traditional art with African and Oceanic motifs, tribal art and Fauvist colour palletes.
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Why was the name 'Dada' chosen?

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Card 3

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Card 4

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Where was the second Dadaist group formed?

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Card 5

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