Collectivisation and the Five Year Plans
- Created by: ArronK99
- Created on: 13-01-17 16:36
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- Collectivisation and the 5 year plans
- 5YP #1 1928 1932
- Aims
- Prepare for the coming war with Germany
- Secure Stalin's legacy
- Industrialise/ modernise Russia
- Stalin wanted a 110% increase in coal production, 200% increase in iron production and 335% increase in electric power.
- Evaluation
- -
- Thousands died as a result of poor conditions or execution
- Terrible living conditions and wages
- No consumer goods
- +
- Thousands of jobs created
- Coal production went from 36 million tonnes to 130 million tonnes
- Oil production went from 2 million tonnes to 29 million tonnes
- Iron production went from million tonnes to 15 million tonnes
- Electricity production went from 5,000 million to 36,000 million kilowatts
- -
- Led to the construction of Magnitogorsk, an industrial city in the Ural mountains. Also led to the creation of the 'Stakhanovite movement'
- Aims
- Collectivisation (1928)
- Motives
- USSR needed to be industrialised but didn't have the money for it
- Couldn't borrow money from other countries due to strained relations with the capitalist world
- Russia's natural resources (oil and gas) hadn't been exploited so they only had land to use
- Peasants needed to make extra food to be sold abroad and make money
- USSR needed to be industrialised but didn't have the money for it
- Collectivisation involved the state taking the farm land from the peasants and combining it all into a state or collective farm. This meant the peasants would receive a wage instead of working for their own profit
- Kulaks
- In a mass propaganda effort, Stalin targeted Kulaks (similarly to the way Lenin did) as the ones holding back both the peasants and Russia
- He claimed that they were hoarding their produce, keeping food prices high and making themselves rich.
- He also said that they needed to be broken as a class in order for Russia to be modernised.
- This led to another class-war and 'de-kulakisation'
- Evaluation
- -
- Massive resistance
- The most efficient farmers had been killed or deported
- Food production disrupted
- 30% of all livestock killed or eaten by the peasantry
- Drought in 1931 and famine in Ukraine from 1932-34 killing around 7,000,000 peasants
- +
- Nearly 100 million tonnes of grain being produced by 1937
- Lots of grain sold abroad
- Influx of workers to towns to work in factories
- -
- Motives
- 5YP #2 1933-1937
- Focused on heavy industry and communications (steel output was so high that they were 2nd best in the world for steel output
- Railways were improved, making them faster and more reliable
- Targets were lowered in this plan due to the early completion of the first 5YP
- Incentives such as childcare convinced many more female workers to join in on the plans
- It failed to match the quotas set for oil and coal production
- Focused on heavy industry and communications (steel output was so high that they were 2nd best in the world for steel output
- 5YP #3 1938-1941
- Primarily focused on the improvement and production of consumer goods but was changed to prepare forwar
- As war got closer the majority of resources were put into making armaments, tanks and planes
- Failed to meet production levels between 1938 and 1940, but it was reported that all of soviet industry had experienced a 12-13% rise in production during the 1930s
- Primarily focused on the improvement and production of consumer goods but was changed to prepare forwar
- 5YP #1 1928 1932
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