Cognitive Approach
The Cognitive Approach: assumptions, theory and therapy
- Created by: Cherry Stardust
- Created on: 15-05-13 12:30
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- Cognitive Approach
- Assumptions
- Behaviour can be explained by mental processes
- Cognitive processes: Perception, attention, memory and language. Help us understand our environment.
- Information (input), change/store (process), and recall when necessary (output)
- During the process stage
- Information (input), change/store (process), and recall when necessary (output)
- To understand things, it has to be in our existing schema
- Schema - a mental structure the represents an aspect of the world.
- Information processing - mental processes work together to allow us to respond to the world (in a second)
- Cognitive processes: Perception, attention, memory and language. Help us understand our environment.
- Humnan mind is compared to a computer (The computer analogy)
- Information (input), change/store (process), and recall when necessary (output)
- During the process stage
- Multistore Model: information enters brain through sense and move to STM and LTM. Output when required.
- Information (input), change/store (process), and recall when necessary (output)
- Behaviour can be explained by mental processes
- Attribution Theory
- The person: internal (personality) or dispositional (how their day has been) factors.
- The sitruation: situational attribution (getting a good grade cause of teacher) or dispositional attribution (student's acutal ability)
- Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE): when people makethemistake of making dispositional attributions, when it could be situational.
- Collectivist cultures (Russia) - tend to make situational attributions, while Individualist cultures (USA) tend to make dispositional attributions
- Rational Emotive Therapy (RET) - Albert Ellis
- 'Rational therapy': to emphasise the fact that psychological problems occur as a result of irrational thinking
- Irrational Thinking: individuals frequently develop self-defeating habits because of faulty beliefs about themselves and the world around them
- Mustabatory thinking: the source of irrational thinking
- Aim: to turn irrational thoughts into rational ones. Rational beliefs: flexable, realistic and undemanding, while irrational ones are not
- The ABC Model
- A (activating event), B (belief) - irrational, and C (consequences) - self-defeating
- Ellis' proposed way with dealing with irrational thoughts
- Extended to D: disputing belisfs and E: effects of disputing
- Logical Disputing: beliefs do not logically follow from infor available
- Empirical disputing: beliefs may not be consistent with reality
- Pragmatic disputing: lack of usefulness of beliefs
- Logical Disputing: beliefs do not logically follow from infor available
- Research evidence: Ellis )1957)
- Claimed 90% success rate, taking an of 27 sessions to complete.
- Recognised that therapy was not always effective as not all patients put revised beliefs into action
- Engels et al (1993) - RET is effective treatment for a number of differenttypes of disorder.
- Research evidence: Ellis )1957)
- Claimed 90% success rate, taking an of 27 sessions to complete.
- Recognised that therapy was not always effective as not all patients put revised beliefs into action
- Research evidence: Ellis )1957)
- Unconditional positive regard: therapist providing respect and appreciation to clientto make therapy successful.
- Assumptions
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