Further organic chemistry: Chirality -4
- Created by: Shannon
- Created on: 07-04-15 09:18
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- Chirality & Isomerism
- Isomerism
- Structural
- Same molecular formula but atoms are arranged differently
- Stereoisomers
- Same molecular formula and atoms are arranged in the same way. The difference is the orientation of the bonds
- E/Z happens because there is no rotation around a double bond
- Atoms given priority
- Z = same
- E = opposite
- Optical
- Non super imposable mirror images
- Structural
- Chirality
- Optical isomers occur because of chiral centres
- A chiral carbon is on that has 4 different groups attached to it
- Optical isomers are optically active
- Rotate the plane of polarised light
- One enantiomer rotates it clockwise, the other anticlockwise
- Rotate the plane of polarised light
- Racemic mixture
- 50/50 mix of both enantiomers
- Does not show optical activity as the two enantiomers cancel each other out
- Optical activity to work out a reaction mechanism
- SN1
- Produces a racemic mixture
- Step 1: Group breaks off, leaving a planar ion
- Step 2: nucleophile can approach from either side of planar ion
- SN2
- Produces 1 enantiomer
- Nucleophile attacks from opposite side to leaving group (steric hinderance) - inversion of stereochemistry
- SN1
- Isomerism
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