Child and Caregiver Interactions
- Created by: zara.mathur
- Created on: 30-01-20 18:09
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- Child and Caregiver Interactions
- Signs of Attachment
- Stranger Anxiety: Fear of strangers
- Proximity Seeking: Want to be near them
- Secure/Safe Base: Confident to explore
- Reunion Behaviour: Happy when they return
- Separation Anxiety: Upset when apart
- Schaffer's Stages of Attachment
- Stage 1: Pre-attachment - Birth to 3 months
- Smile at people
- Prefer humans to objects
- Stage 2: Indiscriminate - 3 to 7/8 months
- Will allow strangers to hold them
- Can discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar people
- Stage 3: Discriminate - 7/8 months +
- Specific attachments
- Protest if strangers handle them
- Stage 4: Multiple Attachment - 9 months +
- Fear of strangers weakens, attachment to mother strongest
- Strong ties formed with major carers
- Stage 1: Pre-attachment - Birth to 3 months
- Schaffer and Emerson (1964)
- Aim: Investigate process by which attachments are formed
- Longitudinal Study
- 60 babies from Glasgow working class families
- Studied birth-18months
- Self report method - interviews with the mother
- Biased - mothers social desirability bias
- 87% babies had more than 1 attachment at 18months
- 39% babies had a prime attachment not to main carer
- Working Class therefore low income so mothers work more hours
- Multiple attachments developed early so multiple carers
- Social Releasers
- Unlock innate tendency of adults to care for baby
- Physical: Baby face features
- Behavioural: Crying / Cooing
- Reciprocity
- Caregiver-infant interaction is a 2 way mutual process
- Each responds to other's signals through turn taking
- Interactional Synchrony
- Mother and infant synchronise actions of each other in a coordinated way
- Meltzoff and Moore
- Aim: To investigate reciprocity between infants and caregivers
- Procedure: Adult displayed 1 of 3 facial expressions, child's response identified
- Found association between gesture adult displayed and action of baby
- Isabella et al (1989)
- Observed 30 mothers and infants to assess degree
- High levels of sunchrony = good quality attachments
- Signs of Attachment
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