Child and Caregiver Interactions

?
View mindmap
  • Child and Caregiver Interactions
    • Signs of Attachment
      • Stranger Anxiety: Fear of strangers
      • Proximity Seeking: Want to be near them
      • Secure/Safe Base: Confident to explore
      • Reunion Behaviour: Happy when they return
      • Separation Anxiety: Upset when apart
    • Schaffer's Stages of Attachment
      • Stage 1: Pre-attachment - Birth to 3 months
        • Smile at people
        • Prefer humans to objects
      • Stage 2: Indiscriminate - 3 to 7/8 months
        • Will allow strangers to hold them
        • Can discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar people
      • Stage 3: Discriminate - 7/8 months +
        • Specific attachments
        • Protest if strangers handle them
      • Stage 4: Multiple Attachment - 9 months +
        • Fear of  strangers weakens, attachment to mother strongest
        • Strong ties formed with major carers
    • Schaffer and Emerson (1964)
      • Aim: Investigate process by which attachments are formed
      • Longitudinal Study
      • 60 babies from Glasgow working class families
      • Studied birth-18months
      • Self report method - interviews with the mother
        • Biased - mothers social desirability bias
      • 87% babies had more than 1 attachment at 18months
      • 39% babies had a prime attachment not to main carer
      • Working Class therefore low income so mothers work more hours
        • Multiple attachments developed early so multiple carers
    • Social Releasers
      • Unlock innate tendency of adults to care for baby
      • Physical: Baby face features
      • Behavioural: Crying / Cooing
    • Reciprocity
      • Caregiver-infant interaction is a 2 way mutual process
      • Each responds to other's signals through turn taking
    • Interactional Synchrony
      • Mother and infant synchronise actions of each other in a coordinated way
      • Meltzoff and Moore
        • Aim: To investigate reciprocity between infants and caregivers
        • Procedure: Adult displayed 1 of 3 facial expressions, child's response identified
        • Found association between gesture adult displayed and action of baby
      • Isabella et al (1989)
        • Observed 30 mothers and infants to assess degree
        • High levels of sunchrony = good quality attachments

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Psychology resources:

See all Psychology resources »See all Attachment resources »