C1-Chemistry
- Created by: Mariam Khan
- Created on: 24-10-18 13:14
View mindmap
- 1.1-Atoms
- Chemistry-C1
- 1.2-Chemical equations
- No atoms are ever created or destroyed in a chemical reaction
- total mass of reactants = total mass of products
- Law of conservation of mass- no atoms are lost or made during the reaction.
- 1.3-Separating mixtures
- A mixture is made up of 2 or more substances that are not chemically combined together.
- Filtration-separates substances insoluble in a solvent from those that are soluble in the solvent
- e.g. sand can be separated from salt solution using filtration
- Crystallisation-separates a soluble solid from a solvent.
- e.g. salt (sodium chloride) from salt solution.
- Distillation-Separates a solvent from soluble solids dissolved in the solvent.
- e.g. sea water is distilled to obtain useable water.
- 1.4-Fractional Distillation and paper chromatography
- Fractional Distillation- A way to separate mixtures o miscible liquids.
- e.g. ethanol and water
- Paper chromatography- way to separate substances from mixtures in solution.
- The liquids have different boiling points but the liquid with the lowest boiling point is collected first.
- Add a fractionating column to aid the separation
- Fractional Distillation- A way to separate mixtures o miscible liquids.
- 1.5-History of the atom
- Thomson discovered a tiny - charged particle is a electron
- He proposed the plum pudding model for the atom.
- The model suggested negative electrons were embedded in a ball of positive charge.
- He proposed the plum pudding model for the atom.
- Alpha particles were repelled showing that there is a tiny spot of + charge in the centre of the atom
- Chadwick showed hat there were neutrons in the nucleus
- Thomson discovered a tiny - charged particle is a electron
- 1.6-Structure of the atom
- The nucleus at the centre contains protons and neutrons
- Electrons (negatively charged)- have no overall charge.
- The no. of protons is equal to the no. of electrons, relative charges are equal.
- Mass number- no. of protons and neutrons
- 1.7-Ions,atoms and isotopes
- Isotope- atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons
- They have identical chemical properties but their physical properties such as density can differ.
- If atoms lose electrons they form positive ions.
- Atoms that gain electrons form negative ions.
- Isotope- atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons
- 1.8-Elctronic structures
- Electronic structure- shows the number of electrons in each energy level.
- Elements in the same group f the pt have the same number of electrons in their outer shell
- e.g. group 1 elements have 1 electron in their outer shell.
- Elements in group 0 are called noble gases
- They are unreactive
- 1.2-Chemical equations
- Compounds are formed when two or more elements combine together
- All substances are made of atoms
- When elements reacts, their atoms join with atoms of other elements
- Chemistry-C1
Comments
No comments have yet been made