Cellular Transport: Active Transport, Osmosis, Diffusion, Bulk Transport

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  • Created by: KayshaN
  • Created on: 24-10-17 10:25
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  • Cellular Transport
    • Diffusion
      • movement of molecules or ions from a higher concentration to a lower concentration
      • Passive
      • WITHOUT AID-any non-polar, lipid soluble substances
        • Carbon dioxide, oxygen, steroids
      • Facilitated diffusion
        • allows too polar/big substances to pass in and out cell
          • glucose, amino acids, ions
        • Carrier Protein
          • 1) glucose atom binds to channel protein
            • Gated Channels- some remain open all the time but others open only when 'told'
          • 2) changes shape and moves atom down conc gradient
          • 3)No input energy needed
    • Active Transport
      • Some proteins act as pumps
        • Similar to ones in FD
        • Shaped to fit the molecule they are carrying
        • use metabolic energy
        • carry against conc gradient
        • Much faster rate
        • energy prevents two-way flow
          • causes shape change on one side, so molecule can't fit on that side
    • Bulk Transport
      • Endocytosis
        • 1) material causes plasma membrane to invaginate
        • 2) enfold and eventually fuses forming a vesicle
        • 3) lysosomes fuse with the vesicle and digest content
        • Phagocytosis- solid material. Pinocytosis- liquid
      • Exocytosis
        • 1) vesicles from rough ER form Golgi, vesicles from Golgi
        • 2) Vesicles fuse with plasma membrane and secretes contents
    • Osmosis
      • Water molecules form a high water potential to a low water potential through a partially permeable membrane
        • Pure water has 0kPa
      • Solutions
        • Hypertonic (concentrated)
          • high conc solute
            • Animal Cell- shrinks and wrinkled Crenated
            • Plant Cell- cytoplasm shrinks from cell wall- plasmolysed
        • Isotonic (normal)
          • same conc solute rel to another solution
        • Hypotonic (dilute)
          • low conc solute
            • Plant Cell- cell wall prevents bursting, membrane pushes against wall- turgid
            • Animal Cell- swells and bursts cytolysis

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