Cardiovascular Disease
- Created by: jessicawarren
- Created on: 04-05-16 08:49
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- Cardiovascular Disease
- Atheroma formation
- 1) Wall of an artery made up of several layers
- 2) Endothelium usually smooth/ unbroken
- 3) If damage occurs to endothelium, white blood cells/lipids clump together to form fatty streaks
- 4) Over time more white blood cells, lipids and connective tissue build up/harden to form fibrous plaque- atheroma
- 5) Atheroma partially blocks lumen of artery/restricts blood flow. Causes blood pressure to increase
- 6) Coronary heart disease occurs when CA have lots of atheromas which restrict blood flow to heart. Can lead to myocardial infarction
- Aneurysm
- Balloon like swelling of artery
- 1) Atheroma plaques damage/ weaken arteries. Narrow arteries, increasing BP
- 2) When blood travels through weakened artery at high pressure, may push inner layers through outer elastic layer to form swelling
- 3) Aneurysm may burst causing haemorrhage
- Thrombosis
- Formation of blood clot
- 1) Atheroma plaque can rupture the endothelium of an artery
- 2) Damages artery wall and leaves rough surface
- 3) Platelets and fibrin accumulate at site of damage, form blood clot
- 4) Blood clot can cause blockage of artery/ become dislodged and block blood vessels
- 5) Debris from rupture can cause another blood clot further down artery
- Myocardial infarction
- 1) Heart muscle supplied with blood by coronary arteries
- 2) Blood contains oxygen for heart muscles to carry out repiration
- 3) If CA becomes completely blocked, area of heart muscle will be cut off from blood supply/receive no oxygen
- 4) Causes heart attack
- 5) Can cause damage/death of heart muscle
- 6) Symptoms: pain in chest, shortness of breath, sweating
- 7) Large areas of heart affected can cause heart failure which is fatal
- Atheroma formation
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